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United States presidents typically fill their Cabinets and other appointive positions with people from their own political party. The first Cabinet formed by the first President, George Washington, included some of Washington's political opponents, but later presidents adopted the practice of filling their Cabinets with members of the President's party.[1] Appointments across party lines are uncommon. Presidents may appoint members of a different party to high-level positions in order to reduce partisanship or improve cooperation between the political parties.[2] This is a list of people appointed to high-level positions in the United States federal government by a President whose political party affiliation was different from that of the appointee. The list includes executive branch appointees and independent agency appointees. Independent or nonpartisan appointees, nominally apolitical appointments (such as Article III judges and military officers), and members of explicitly bipartisan commissions are not included. List of appointees This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. Appointee Position Term ↑ President Name Party Name Party James Monroe Anti-Administration Minister to France 1794–1796 George Washington Pro-Administration Joseph Habersham Federalist Postmaster General 1801–1801 (reappointment) Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican Rufus King Federalist Minister to Britain 1801–1803 (reappointment) James A. Bayard Federalist Treaty of Ghent peace commissioner 1814 James Madison Democratic-Republican John Randolph Tertium quids Minister to Russia 1830 Andrew Jackson Democratic William Hunter Federalist Representative to Brazil 1836–1845 Lewis Cass Democratic Ambassador to France 1841–1842 (reappointment) William Henry Harrison Whig Andrew Johnson Democratic Military Governor of Tennessee 1862–1865 Abraham Lincoln Republican John S. Phelps Democratic Military Governor of Arkansas 1862 – ? Edwin M. Stanton Democratic Secretary of War 1862–1868 Daniel Sickles Democratic Special Minister to the South American Republics 1865 David S. Walker Conservative Governor of Florida (appointed) 1865–1868 Andrew Johnson National Union Daniel Sickles Democratic Minister to Spain 1869–1873 Ulysses Grant Republican Caleb Cushing Democratic Minister to Spain 1874–1877 David M. Key Democratic Postmaster General 1877–1880 Rutherford Hayes Republican William Rosecrans Democratic Register of the Treasury 1889–1893 (reappointment) Benjamin Harrison Republican Walter Q. Gresham Republican Secretary of State [1] 1893–1895 (reappointment) Grover Cleveland Democratic Theodore Roosevelt Republican Civil Service Commissioner 1893–1895 (reappointment) Edward S. Bragg Democratic Consul General in Havana 1902 Theodore Roosevelt Republican Consul General in Hong Kong 1903–1906 Luke E. Wright Democratic Secretary of War[1] 1908–1909 Jacob M. Dickinson Democratic Secretary of War[1] 1909–1911 William Howard Taft Republican Frank Knox Republican Secretary of the Navy 1940–1944 Franklin Roosevelt Democratic Henry Stimson Republican Secretary of War 1940–1945 Fiorello La Guardia Republican Office of Civilian Defense 1941 William Donovan Republican Head of the Office of the Coordinator of Information 1941–1942 Head of the Office of Strategic Services 1942–1945 John Gilbert Winant Republican Ambassador to Britain 1941–1946 U.S. representative to UNESCO 1946 Harry Truman Democratic Warren Austin Republican Ambassador to the United Nations 1947–1953 Martin Patrick Durkin Democratic Secretary of Labor 1953 Dwight Eisenhower Republican James P. Mitchell Democratic Secretary of Labor 1953–1961 Walter F. George Democratic Special Ambassador to NATO 1957 William McChesney Martin, Jr. Democratic Chairman of the Federal Reserve 1955–1970 (reappointment) Robert McNamara Republican[3] Secretary of Defense 1961–1968 John Kennedy Democratic C. Douglas Dillon Republican Secretary of the Treasury 1961–1965 McGeorge Bundy Republican[4][5] National Security Advisor 1961–1966 Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Republican Ambassador to South Vietnam 1963–1964 Lyndon Johnson Democratic 1965–1967 United States Ambassador at Large 1967–1968 Ambassador to West Germany 1968–1969 Edward Brooke Republican Kerner Commission 1967 Sargent Shriver Democratic Ambassador to France 1969–1970 (reappointment) Richard Nixon Republican Elizabeth Hanford Democratic[6] Deputy Assistant to President for Consumer Affairs 1969–1973 Federal Trade Commission 1973–1979 John Connally Democratic[6] Secretary of the Treasury 1971–1972 Daniel Patrick Moynihan Democratic Assistant for Urban Affairs 1969–1970 Ambassador to India 1973–1975 Gerald Ford Republican Ambassador to the United Nations 1975–1976 Robert Casey Democratic Federal Maritime Commission 1976–1981 James Schlesinger Republican Secretary of Energy 1977–1979 Jimmy Carter Democratic Lawrence Eagleburger Republican Ambassador to Yugoslavia 1977–1981 Mike Mansfield Democratic Ambassador to Japan 1981–1988 (reappointment) Ronald Reagan Republican Paul Volcker Democratic Chairman of the Federal Reserve 1983–1987 (reappointment) Jeane Kirkpatrick Democratic[6] Ambassador to the United Nations 1981–1985 William Bennett Democratic[6] National Endowment for the Humanities 1981–1985 Secretary of Education 1985–1988 R. James Woolsey, Jr. Democratic Delegate at Large to the U.S.-Soviet Strategic Arms Reduction Talks and Nuclear and Space Arms Talks[7] 1983–1986 Paul Nitze Democratic Chief Negotiator of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty 1981–1984 Max Kampelman Democratic Ambassador to the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe 1981–1983 (reappointment) Head of the Delegation to the Negotiations with the Soviet Union on Nuclear and Space Arms in Geneva 1985–1989 Counselor to the Department of State 1987–1989 Dennis B. Ross Democratic Director of the State Department's Policy Planning Staff 1989–1992 George H. W. Bush Republican Griffin Bell Democratic Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform 1989 Robert Strauss Democratic Ambassador to Soviet Union/Russia 1991–1992 Richard Stone Democratic Ambassador to Denmark 1992–1993 Michael Chertoff Republican United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey 1993–1994 (reappointment) Bill Clinton Democratic Roger W. Johnson Republican GSA Administrator 1993–1996 John Negroponte Republican Ambassador to the Philippines 1993–1996 Julie Belaga Republican Board of Directors of the Export Import Bank 1994–1999 Alan Greenspan Libertarian Republican [8] Chairman of the Federal Reserve 1995–2006 (reappointment) William Cohen Republican[9] Secretary of Defense 1997–2001 John DiIulio Democratic[10] Director of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives 2001 George W. Bush Republican Tom Schieffer Democratic Ambassador to Australia 2001–2005 Ambassador to Japan 2005–2009 Norman Mineta Democratic Secretary of Transportation 2001–2006 Tony P. Hall Democratic Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture 2002–2006 Paul F. McHale, Jr. Democratic Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense 2003–2009 R. David Paulison Democratic Federal Emergency Management Agency 2005–2009 Lanny Davis Democratic Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board 2006–2007 Pete Geren Democratic Acting Secretary of the Air Force 2005 Secretary of the Army 2006–2009 Zell Miller Democratic American Battle Monuments Commission member[11] 2005–2009[11] Diane Farrell Democratic Board of Directors of the Export Import Bank 2007–2011 Robert Gates Republican Secretary of Defense 2009 – Present (reappointment) Barack Obama Democratic Ray LaHood Republican Secretary of Transportation 2009 – Present Dan Rooney Republican Ambassador to Ireland 2009 – Present Jon Huntsman, Jr. Republican Ambassador to China 2009 – Present John M. McHugh Republican Secretary of the Army 2009 – Present Jim Leach Republican Chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities 2009 – Present Douglas Kmiec Republican Ambassador to Malta 2009 – Present Ben Bernanke Republican Chairman of the Federal Reserve 2010 – Present (reappointment) References ^ a b c d Mr. Wilson's Cabinet; Will Be Sagacious Men, But Not Political Experts, The New York Times, November 7, 1912 ^ William S. Cohen, Across Party Lines, Washington Post, December 17, 2000 ^ SIX FOR THE KENNEDY CABINET, Time, December 26, 1960. ^ Hodgson, Godfrey. Obituary: McGeorge Bundy. independent.co.uk, September 18, 1996. ^ McGeorge Bundy. jfklibrary.org ^ a b c d Appointee was a Democrat at the beginning of this tenure. ^ [1] ^ wiki/Alan_Greenspan#Political_views_and_alleged_politicization_of_office ^ Dana Priest, An 'Outsider' Set to Take Over Pentagon, Washington Post, Wednesday, January 22, 1997; Page A21. "Although other presidents have crossed party lines to fill the top defense post, Cohen ... would be the first Republican politician to serve a Democratic president in the position." ^ Tapper, Jake. Losing his religion? Negotiating a bill through Congress, Bush's faith czar expresses frustration with his own White House. Salon.com, June 5, 2001. ^ a b  This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress document "MILLER, Zell Bryan". "member, American Battle Monuments Commission, 2005-"