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The Colorado Springs Guidelines address gender issues in Bible translation, in response to "gender-neutral" Bible translations. They are not the product of any particular Christian denomination, but have been used, endorsed or cited by many Christian scholars, publishers and pastors. The guidelines were drafted at a meeting convened by James Dobson in Colorado Springs on May 27, 1997 and signed by twelve representatives of concerned parties. They were later revised slightly, and reissued on September 9, 1997 with ten of the original twelve participants explicitly assenting to the revisions. According to two participants at the Colorado Springs meeting, the final list of guidelines was compiled by reference to two separate lists drafted by each of the two ostensibly opposing parties who had agreed to the meeting to discuss their differences. One list was supplied by concerned scholars and pastors, the other by Ken Barker on behalf of translators and publishers.[1] The guidelines have found wide support amongst opponents of gender neutral translations, but have been criticised by supporters of gender neutral translations. Contents 1 Text 2 Signatories 3 Ratification 4 See also 5 Notes and references 6 Bibliography 7 External links // Text The text below is that of the revised version of the Guidelines, the three footnotes provide details of the changes from the original version. The important change was agreement that adelphos (Greek for "brother"), when plural can sometimes be better rendered as "brothers and sisters" in English (Guideline B1). Colorado Springs Guidelines for Translation of Gender-Related Language in Scripture A. Gender-related renderings of Biblical language which we affirm: The generic use of "he, him, his, himself" should be employed to translate generic 3rd person masculine singular pronouns in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek. However, substantival participles such as ho pisteuon can often be rendered in inclusive ways, such as "the one who believes" rather than "he who believes." Person and number should be retained in translation so that singulars are not changed to plurals and third person statements are not changed to second or first person statements, with only rare exceptions required in unusual cases. "Man" should ordinarily be used to designate the human race,[2] for example in Genesis 1:26–27; 5:2; Ezekiel 29:11; and John 2:25. Hebrew 'ish should ordinarily be translated "man" and "men," and Greek aner should almost always be so translated. In many cases, anthropoi refers to people in general, and can be translated "people" rather than "men." The singular anthropos should ordinarily be translated "man" when it refers to a male human being. Indefinite pronouns such as tis can be translated "anyone" rather than "any man." In many cases, pronouns such as oudeis can be translated "no one" rather than "no man." When pas is used as a substantive it can be translated with terms such as "all people" or "everyone." The phrase "son of man" should ordinarily be preserved to retain intracanonical connections. Masculine references to God should be retained. B. Gender-related renderings which we will generally avoid, though there may be unusual exceptions in certain contexts: "Brother" (adelphos) should not be changed to "brother or sister"; however, the plural adelphoi can be translated "brothers and sisters" where the context makes clear that the author is referring to both men and women.[3] "Son" (huios, ben) should not be changed to "child," or "sons" (huioi) to "children" or "sons and daughters." (However, Hebrew banim often means "children.") "Father" (pater, 'ab) should not be changed to "parent," or "fathers" to "parents" or "ancestors." C. We understand these guidelines to be representative and not exhaustive,[4] and that some details may need further refinement. Signatories The ten signatories to both the original and revised versions were as follows. Kenneth L. Barker, Secretary, Committee on Bible Translation; Member, Executive Committee of Committee on Bible Translation Timothy Bayly, Executive Director, Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood; Pastor, Church of the Good Shepherd, Bloomington, Indiana Joel Belz, Publisher, God's World Publications James Dobson, President, Focus on the Family Wayne Grudem, President, Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood; Professor of Biblical and Systematic Theology, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School Charles Jarvis, Executive Vice President, Focus on the Family John Piper, Member, Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood; Senior Pastor, Bethlehem Baptist Church, Minneapolis Vern Poythress, Professor of New Testament Interpretation, Westminster Theological Seminary R. C. Sproul, Chairman, Ligonier Ministries Ronald F. Youngblood, Member, Committee on Bible Translation; Professor of Old Testament, Bethel Theological Seminary West The two signatories to only the original version were: Lars Dunberg, President, International Bible Society; and Bruce E. Ryskamp, President and CEO, Zondervan Publishing House. Ratification The guidelines have been endorsed by many leaders and scholars internationally and interdenominationally, including Gleason Archer, Hudson Armerding, Clinton E. Arnold, S. M. Baugh, Alistair Begg, James Montgomery Boice, James Borland, Bill Bright, Vonette Bright, Harold O. J. Brown, Bryan Chapell, Edmund Clowney, Robert Coleman, Charles Colson, Jack Cottrell, Jerry Falwell, John Frame, W. Robert Godfrey, Jack Hayford, H. Wayne House , Elliott Johnson, Peter Jones, Mary Kassian, D. James Kennedy, George W. Knight III, Andreas J. Köstenberger, Beverly LaHaye, Tim LaHaye, Gordon R. Lewis, Robert Lewis, Erwin Lutzer, Richard L. Mayhue, R. Albert Mohler, Jr., J. P. Moreland, Joel Nederhood, J. Stanley Oakes, Stephen Olford, J. I. Packer, Dorothy Patterson, Paige Patterson, Dennis Rainey, Pat Robertson, Adrian Rogers, Paul Sailhamer, Robert L. Saucy, Jerry Vines, John Walvoord, Bruce Ware, Stu Weber, William Weinrich, David F. Wells, and John Wimber.[5] Of these, only a few such as Gleason Archer, S. M. Baugh, George W. Knight III, and Andreas J. Köstenberger have specific expertise in Biblical languages. There are also Greek language scholars who do not agree with the Colorado Springs Guidelines, including Don Carson, Gordon Fee, Mark L. Strauss, Douglas Moo, Karen Jobes, and Moises Silva. Some denominations have passed related resolutions, opposing "gender-inclusive" Bible translations, including the 16 million member Southern Baptist Convention,[6] the 250,000 member Presbyterian Church in America (PCA),[7] and the 40,000 member Conservative Congregational Christian Conference (4C's).[8] See also Danvers Statement Journal for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood New International Version (NIV) Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood Today's New International Version (TNIV) Notes and references ^ Poythress and Grudem, The Gender Neutral Bible Controversy (GNBC), (Broadman & Holman, 2000): 306. ^ The original version read: "human race or human beings in general". ^ The original version excluded the plural adelphoi being rendered as "brothers and sisters": ' "Brother" (adelphos) and "brothers" (adelphoi) should not be changed to "brother(s) and sister(s)." ' ^ The original version ended with "not exhaustive." ^ GNBC. ^ "[We] urge every Bible publisher and translation group to continue to use time-honored, historic principles of Bible translation and refrain from any deviation to seek to accommodate contemporary cultural pressures, understanding that we are anxious to support the most accurate translations ... Bible publishers and translators are consistently faced with the tension of accuracy and readability along with the pressure from those who do not hold a high view of Scripture to take license with the use of particular terms, including, but not limited to, the use of so-called gender inclusive language." Resolution at the Annual Convention 17–19 June 1997. Bob Jones, "Liberalism defeated, SBC messengers enjoy their harmony", World 28 June 1997. ^ "The PCA concurs in the decision by (NIV) CBT, IBS and Zondervan Publishing not to pursue their plans to publish a 'gender-inclusive' version of the NIV in the United States, believing that such a version is inconsistent with the Biblical doctrine of divine inspiration." Minutes of the Twenty-fifth General Assembly, 9–13 June 1997: p. 193. ^ "[We] encourage those involved in Bible translation to continue to clearly and faithfully preserve the distinction between men and women which our wise and gracious God has established in creation and revealed in his Word ... while we appreciate and share their desire to communicate God's truth as clearly as possible to the people of our own day, we would also urge upon them to continue to use time-honored historic principles of biblical translation, and to steadfastly resist the pressures of sinful human culture which would obscure, diminish, or subvert any aspect of God's inerrant truth." Resolution of the National Conference, 20–25 July 1997. Darrell Todd Maurina, "Three Denominations Oppose Zondervan/International Bible Society Inclusive Language Bible Proposal", United Reformed News Service (URNS), 6 August 1997. Bibliography Carson, Don Arthur. The Inclusive-Language Debate: A Plea for Realism. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1998. Grudem, Wayne A. "A Response to Mark Strauss' Evaluation of the Colorado Springs Translation Guidelines". Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 41 (1998): 263–286. Grudem, Wayne and Vern Poythress. The TNIV and the Gender-Neutral Bible Controversy. Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman and Holman Publishers, 2005. Hutchens, S. M. (for the editors). "Unmanning the Bible". Touchstone: A Journal of Mere Christianity June, 2002. Kohlenberger, John R. III. "What About the 'Gender Accurate' TNIV?" Priscilla Papers 16 (2002): 3–9. Nussbaum, Emily. "The His-and-Hers Bible". The New York Times 10 February 2002. Padgett, Alan G. (for the editors). "Heretical Bibles". Touchstone April, 2002. Poythress, Vern Sheridan. "Is the TNIV Faithful in its Treatment of Gender? No." Christianity Today 7 October 2002. Poythress, Vern and Wayne Grudem. The Gender-Neutral Bible Controversy: Muting the Masculinity of God's Words. Nashville, Tennessee: Broadman and Holman Publishers, 2000. Ryken, Leland. The Word of God in English: Criteria for Excellence in Bible Translation. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Crossway Books, 2002. ISBN 1581344643 Strauss, Mark L. "Current Issues in the Gender-Language Debate: A Response to Vern Poythress and Wayne Grudem". In Glenn G. Scorgie and others (eds). The challenge of Bible translation: Communicating God's Word. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan, 2003. Strauss, Mark L. Distorting Scripture?: The Challenge of Bible Translation & Gender Accuracy. InterVarsity Press, 1998. External links Colorado Springs Guidelines — copy at Bible-Researcher.com, edited by Michael D. Marlowe. GenderNeutralBibles.com — sponsored by the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood. Liturgicam Authenticam — Roman Catholic instruction, including reference to gender issues in translation of the liturgy from Latin, published 2001. Link is to Vatican website.