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To comply with Wikipedia's guidelines, the introduction of this article may need to be rewritten. Please discuss this issue on the talk page and read the layout guide to make sure the section will be inclusive of all essential details. (April 2010) Heliozoa are phagotrophs.[1] They are roughly spherical amoeboids with many stiff, microtubule-supported projections called axopods radiating outward from the cell surface. These give them the characteristic sun-like appearance for which they are named, and are variously used for capturing food, sensation, movement, and attachment. They are similar to radiolaria, but they are distinguished from them by lacking central capsules and other complex skeletal elements, although some produce simple scales and spines. They may be found in both fresh water and marine environments. Groups Originally the heliozoa were treated together as a formal class Heliozoa or Heliozoea, but the various orders show notable differences and are no longer believed to be related. Instead, heliozoa is regarded as a descriptive term applying to various lines of protists. The primary groups include:[2] Actinophryida Centrohelida Desmothoracida Other groups include: Dimorphids Gymnosphaerids Sticholonche Several nucleariids were once considered heliozoa, but they do not have microtubule-supported axopods and so are now considered filose amoeboids instead. References ^ Cavalier-Smith T, von der Heyden S (September 2007). "Molecular phylogeny, scale evolution and taxonomy of centrohelid heliozoa". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 44 (3): 1186–203. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.019. PMID 17588778. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055-7903(07)00130-3.  ^ Nikolaev SI, Berney C, Fahrni JF, et al (May 2004). "The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (21): 8066–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.0308602101. PMID 15148395. PMC 419558. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15148395.  External links Actinosphaerium (single-celled) is an example of a heliozoa. For an image see http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/index.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/ponddip/ v • d • e Eukaryota classification Domain : Archaea · Bacteria · Eukaryota Bikonta AH/SAR AH Archaeplastida, or Plantae sensu lato Viridiplantae/Plantae sensu stricto · Rhodophyta · Glaucocystophyceae Hacrobia, or non-SAR chromalveolata Haptophyta · Cryptophyta · Centroheliozoa SAR Halvaria Heterokont ("S") Ochrophyta · Bigyra · Pseudofungi Alveolata Ciliates · Myzozoa (Apicomplexa, Dinoflagellata) Rhizaria Cercozoa · Retaria (Foraminifera, Radiolaria) Excavata Discoba (Euglenozoa, Percolozoa) · Metamonad · Malawimonas Unikonta Apusozoa Apusomonadida (Apusomonas, Amastigomonas) · Ancyromonadida (Ancyromonas) · Hemimastigida (Hemimastix, Spironema, Stereonema) Amoebozoa Lobosea · Conosa · Phalansterium · Breviata Opisthokonta Holozoa Mesomycetozoea Dermocystida · Ichthyophonida Filozoa Filasterea Capsaspora · Ministeria Choanoflagellatea Codonosigidae Metazoa or "Animalia" Eumetazoa (Bilateria, Cnidaria, Ctenophora) · Mesozoa · Parazoa (Placozoa, Porifera) Holomycota Fungi Dikarya (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) · Glomeromycota · Zygomycota · Blastocladiomycota · Chytridiomycota/Neocallimastigomycota · Microsporidia Nucleariidae Nuclearia · Micronuclearia · Rabdiophrys · Pinaciophora · Pompholyxophrys · Fonticula