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The Gowk stane at Laigh Overmuir. A Gowk Stone or 'Stane' in Scots means the stone of the 'Cuckoo' or 'Fool'. In Scotland the name 'Gowk' has been applied to certain standing stones and glacial erratics boulders, often found in prominent geographical situations. Other variants, such as gowke, gouk, gouke, goilk, goik, gok, goke, gook are found.[1] Contents 1 Etymology 2 Cuckoo Folklore 3 The Gowk Stones 3.1 The Laigh Overmuir Gowk Stane 3.2 Gowk stone sites 3.3 Cuckoo Stones 3.4 Related stones 4 References 4.1 Notes 5 External links // Etymology Saint Brynach's cross in Nevern, Wales. As stated, Gowk in Scots and northern English dialect means a Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) also a stupid person or fool. The word derives from the Old Norse 'gaukr', a cuckoo. Other explanations and origins for the term are also found.[2] The Cuckoo family gets its English and scientific names from the call of the bird. The Scottish Gaelic names are Coi: Cuach: Cuachag (poetical name): Cuthag.[3] The Welsh for cuckoo is cog. Cuckoo Folklore Celtic mythology in particular is rich in references to cuckoos and the surviving folklore gives clues as to why some stones were given the 'Gowk' name. The term Gowk is perhaps best known in the context of the old Gowk's Day, the Scottish April Fools Day, originally held on April 13 when the cuckoo begins to call, and when children were sent on a Gowk Hunt, a harmless prank involving pointless errands.[4] Gowk meant both cuckoo & fool, the latter were thought to be fairy-touched. The call of the cuckoo was believed to beckon the souls of the dead, and the cuckoo was thought to be able to travel back and forth between the worlds of the living & the dead.[5] It was once commonly thought that the first appearance of a Cuckoo also brought about a 'Gowk Storm', a furious Spring storm.[6] Cuckoos were said to have the power of prophesy and could foretell a person's lifespan, the number of their children and when they would marry.[7] It has also been suggested that the Gowk or Fool originated in the Dark Ages as a name for the Britons, given by the Saxons invaders, & carried some of the meaning of the "Devil" in the context of an arch foe, who is likened to the Fool.[8] In the Outer Hebrides a Cuckoo's call heard when a person was hungry was bad luck, however the opposite was true if the person had recently eaten.[9] The Gowk Stones The use of the term Gowk at these sites suggests a link with Springtime and some of the surviving legends associated with standing stones do have a link with the heralding of spring by the first cuckoo of that season to arrive. In the churchyard at Nevern in Wales is an old stone cross, carved with intricate knotwork. Villagers of Nevern would wait for their 'harbinger of spring' and on the 7th April, St Brynach's feast day, the first cuckoo of the year would arrive from Africa, alighting on the cross and singing to announce the arrival of spring.[10] A local belief of the Gaelic-speaking community on the Isle of Lewis was that when the sun rose on midsummer morn, the 'shining one' walked along the stone avenue at Callanish, his arrival heralded by the cuckoo's call.[11] The cuckoo traditionally sends forth its first call in spring from the Gowk stone at Lisdivin in Northern Ireland.[12] A few Cuckoo Stones are present at sites in England and Cornwall. The Laigh Overmuir Gowk Stane A view from the burn. The stone from the west. The stone from the north. The view from the Gowk Stane, looking north. Gowk stone sites Gowk Stane, Laigh Overmuir, Darvel, East Ayrshire. A glacial erratic boulder in a prominent position. Gowk Stane, Dumbrock Muir, Strathblane. A large glacial erratic.[13] Gowk Stone, Lisdivin, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. The gowk traditionally sent forth its first call in spring from this stone.[14] Gowk Stone, Parish of Glenmuick, Tullich and Glengairn, Aberdeenshire. This standing stone is located at NGR NJ 454 004. Gowk Stone, Auchencorth, Penicuik, Lothians. This stone sits in a commanding site above the River North Esk and is also referred to as the Auchencorth Stone, meaning 'place of the fold or stone circle'. Located at Ordnance Survey NT20425764.[15] Gowk Stone, Easter Dunglassie, Falkland, Lothians.[16] Gowk Stone, Great Cumbrae Island. A standing stone.[17] Gowk Stane, Oyne, Inverurie. NJ677257. A standing stone, about 2 metres high, standing on the brow of a hill. [18] Gowk stone, Old Kilpatrick, Dumbartonshire. A ruined house had this name.[19] Gowk Stone, Dyce, South Aberdeenshire. Gowk Stone, Caskieben, Aberdeenshire. Gowk Stone, Methlick, Aberdeenshire. Gowk Stone, St Johns Town of Dalry, Dumfries & Galloway[20] Gouk Stone, Kinaldie, Hatton of Fintray, Aberdeenshire.[21] Cuckoo Stones Cuckoo Stone, Wilton, OS SU146433. Alfred Watkins stated that this, now recumbent, standing stone was associated with an alignment originating from Woodhenge.[22][23] Cuckoo Stones, situated at the break of slope above South Dean Beck, Haworth, Yorkshire. Two Cuckoo Stones exist here.[24] Cuckoo Rock, Penzance, Cornwall. OS SW 4406 3392. This standing stone is now known as the Carfury Stone.[25] Related stones Gogar Stane, a single standing stone in the middle of a field on the west side of the Gogar area, south of Edinburgh Airport, Scotland. Gogar may derive from 'Cog', a Celtic word for a Cuckoo.[26] References Notes ^ Scots Dictionary. Accessed : 2010-04-03 ^ Gowk definition. Accessed : 2010-04-02. ^ Harvie-Brown, Page 75 ^ Campanula rotundifolia. Accessed : 2010-04-02. ^ Campanula rotundifolia. Accessed : 2010-04-02. ^ Paperspast - Gowk. Accessed : 2010-04-02 ^ Paperspast - Gowk. Accessed : 2010-04-02 ^ Campanula rotundifolia. Accessed : 2010-04-02. ^ Harvie-Brown, Page 76 ^ Pembrokeshire Virtual Museum. Accessed : 2010-04-03 ^ Stones of Scotland. Accessed : 2010-04-03. ^ Bready Ancestry. Accessed : 2010-04-02 ^ The Gowk Stone on flickr. Accessed : 2010-04-02. ^ Bready Ancestry. Accessed : 2010-04-02 ^ Ancient stones. Accessed : 2010-04-02 ^ Ancient Stones. Accessed : 2010-04-02 ^ Cumbrae. Accessed : 2010-04-02 ^ The Modern Antiquarian. Accessed : 2010-04-02 ^ Antiquities in Kincardineshire. Accessed : 2010-04-02 ^ Ancient Stones. Accessed : 2010-04-03. ^ Britain's Historic Sites. Accessed : 2010-04-02 ^ The Modern Antiquarian. Accessed : 2010-04-03. ^ Stones in Wiltshire. Accessed : 2010-04-03 ^ The Megalithic Portal. Accessed : 2010-004-03. ^ Carfury Stone. Accessed : 2010-04-03. ^ The Gogar Stane. Accessed : 2010-04-03. External links Harvie-Brown, J. A. & Buckley, T. E. (1888). A Vertebrate Fauna of the Outer Hebrides. Edinburgh : David Douglas. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gowk stane