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Supporters of same-sex marriage in the United States are Americans that support extending the right to marry to same-sex couples. The reform of marriage law has been the focus of many LGBT social movements. Politicians and political parties have expressed support and of the two main parties, the Democratic Party has the most supporters, but the cause has been championed by Libertarians, Greens, Socialists, and Communists. Contents 1 Political parties 1.1 National 1.2 Affiliated national party organizations 1.3 State 2 Elected officials 2.1 Former Presidents 2.1.1 Former Vice Presidents 2.2 Governors 2.2.1 Former Governors 2.3 Lieutenant Governors 2.3.1 Former Lieutenant Governors 2.4 U.S. Senators 2.4.1 Former Senators 2.5 Members of the U.S. House of Representatives 2.5.1 Former U.S. Representatives 2.6 Mayors 2.6.1 Former mayors 3 Organizations and religious denominations 4 See also 5 References // Political parties National Of the two major political parties in the United States, the Republican and Democratic parties, platform positions on same-sex marriage tend to be negative or ambiguous. The Republican Party has more conservative members than the Democratic Party,[1] and supports a ban of same-sex marriage through a federal constitutional amendment. It supports for state constitutional amendments banning same-sex marriage and the Defense of Marriage Act, which blocks recognition of same-sex marriages across state borders.[2] The Democratic Party national platform opposes the Defense of Marriage Act and supports "equal responsibility, benefits, and protections" for same-sex couples,[3] but does not explicitly support or oppose same-sex marriage.[4] Of the most significant third parties in the United States, the Communist,[5] Socialist,[6] and Green[7] parties explicitly support the legalization of same-sex marriage as part of a nondiscrimination agenda. The Libertarian Party also wishes to lift the bans, but with the ultimate goal of marriage privatization.[8] The Constitution Party opposes "government... [authorizing or defining] marriage or family relations contrary to what God has instituted" and "any legal recognition of homosexual unions".[9] Affiliated national party organizations Lavender Greens Log Cabin Republicans National Stonewall Democrats Outright Libertarians State California Democratic Party[10] Connecticut Democratic Party[11] District of Columbia Democratic State Committee[12] Iowa Democratic Party[13] Maine Democratic Party[14] Massachusetts Democratic Party[15] Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party[16] New Hampshire Democratic Party[17] New Mexico Democratic Party[18] New York State Democratic Committee[19] New York Working Families Party[20] Oregon Democratic Party[21] Oregon Progressive Party[22] Vermont Democratic Party[23] Vermont Progressive Party[24] Washington State Democratic Party[25] Wyoming Democratic Party[26] Elected officials Former Presidents Bill Clinton[27] (D-Arkansas) Former Vice Presidents Al Gore[28] (D-Tennessee) Dick Cheney[29] (R-Wyoming) Governors John Baldacci[30] (D-Maine) Jennifer M. Granholm[31] (D-Michigan) John Lynch[32] (D-New Hampshire) Martin O'Malley[33] (D-Maryland) David Paterson[34] (D-New York) Deval Patrick[35] (D-Massachusetts) Arnold Schwarzenegger[36][37] (R-California) Former Governors Jerry Brown[38] (D-California) Jon Corzine[39] (D-New Jersey) Howard Dean[40] (D-Vermont) John Kitzhaber[41] (D-Oregon) Madeleine Kunin[42] (D-Vermont) Jim McGreevey[43] (D-New Jersey) Eliot Spitzer[44] (D-New York) William Weld[45] (R-Massachusetts) Christine Todd Whitman[45] (R-New Jersey) Lieutenant Governors Lee Fisher[46] (D-Ohio) Tim Murray[47] (D-Massachusetts) Elizabeth H. Roberts[48] (D-Rhode Island) Former Lieutenant Governors Joy Corning[49] (R-Iowa) Sally Pederson[50] (D-Iowa) John Garamendi[51] (D-California) U.S. Senators U.S. Senators who publicly support same-sex marriage (SSM)      Both of state's U.S. Senators support SSM      One of state's U.S. Senators support SSM      Neither of state's U.S. Senators support SSM Barbara Boxer[52] (D-California) Sherrod Brown[53] (D-Ohio) Chris Coons[54] (D-Delaware) Christopher Dodd[55] (D-Connecticut) Russ Feingold[56] (D-Wisconsin) Dianne Feinstein[57] (D-California) Al Franken[58] (D-Minnesota) Kirsten Gillibrand[59] (D-New York) Tom Harkin[60] (D-Iowa) John Kerry[61] (D-Massachusetts) Frank Lautenberg[62] (D-New Jersey) Jeff Merkley[63] (D-Oregon) Bernie Sanders[64] (I-Vermont) Chuck Schumer[65] (D-New York) Jeanne Shaheen[66] (D-New Hampshire) Sheldon Whitehouse[67] (D-Rhode Island) Ron Wyden[68] (D-Oregon) Former Senators Lincoln Chafee[68] (R-Rhode Island) Mark Dayton[69] (D-Minnesota) Ted Kennedy[68] (D-Massachusetts) Members of the U.S. House of Representatives Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi[70] (D-California) Rob Andrews[62] (D-New Jersey) Tammy Baldwin[71] (D-Wisconsin) Shelley Berkley[72] (D-Nevada) Earl Blumenauer[73] (D-Oregon) Lois Capps[74] (D-California) Mike Capuano[75] (D-Massachusetts) Judy Chu[76] (D-California) Yvette Clarke[77] (D-New York) Steve Cohen[78][dead link] (D-Tennessee) Joe Courtney[78] (D-Connecticut) Joseph Crowley[79] (D-New York) Keith Ellison[78] (D-Minnesota) Anna Eshoo[80] (D-California) Barney Frank[81] (D-Massachusetts) John Garamendi[51] (D-California) Gabrielle Giffords[82] (D-Arizona) Jim Himes[83] (D-Connecticut) Paul Hodes[84] (D-New Hampshire) Rush Holt[85] (D-New Jersey) Mike Honda[86] (D-California) Patrick J. Kennedy[87] (D-Rhode Island) Dennis Kucinich[88] (D-Ohio) Barbara Lee[89] (D-California) John Lewis[90] (D-Georgia) Stephen Lynch[91] (D-Massachusetts) Carolyn B. Maloney[79] (D-New York) Jim McGovern[92] (D-Massachusetts) Jim Moran[93] (D-Virginia) Chris Murphy[78] (D-Connecticut) Jerrold Nadler[79] (D-New York) John Olver[94] (D-Massachusetts) Frank Pallone[95] (D-New Jersey) Ed Perlmutter[78] (D-Colorado) Chellie Pingree[96] (D-Maine) Jared Polis[97] (D-Colorado) Michael Quigley[98][99] (D-Illinois) Laura Richardson[100] (D-California) Steve Rothman[101] (D-New Jersey) John Sarbanes[102] (D-Maryland) Jan Schakowsky[103] (D-Illinois) Carol Shea-Porter[78] (D-New Hampshire) Jackie Speier[104] (D-California) Niki Tsongas[105] (D-Massachusetts) Tim Walz[106] (D-Minnesota) Anthony Weiner[107] (D-New York) Peter Welch[108] (D-Vermont) The Respect for Marriage Act, a proposed bill that would repeal the Defense of Marriage Act and allow the federal government of the United States to recognize legal same-sex marriages, has 120 cosponsors in the United States House of Representatives as of September 2010.[109] Former U.S. Representatives Neil Abercrombie[110] (D-Hawaii) Tom Campbell[111] (R-California) Harold Ford, Jr.[112] (D-Tennessee) Former Minority Leader Richard Gephardt[45] (D-Missouri) Wayne Gilchrest[113] (R-Maryland) Joe Hoeffel[114] (D-Pennsylvania) Michael Huffington[45] (R-California) Ellen Tauscher[115] (D-California) Mayors The U.S. Conference of Mayors, representing the mayors of cities with populations larger than 30,000 resolved to support same-sex marriage.[116] Sam Adams[117] (D-Portland) Michael Bloomberg[118] (I-New York) Cory Booker[119] (D-Newark) Christopher Cabaldon[117] (D-West Sacramento) David Cicilline[117] (D-Providence) Richard M. Daley[120] (D-Chicago) Ron Dellums[121] (D-Oakland) Adrian Fenty[122] (D-Washington, D.C.) John Hickenlooper[123] (D-Denver) Michael McGinn[124] (D-Seattle) Thomas Menino[125] (D-Boston) Gavin Newsom[126] (D-San Francisco) Michael Nutter[127] (D-Philadelphia) Annise Parker[128] (D-Houston) R.T. Rybak[120] (D-Minneapolis) Jerry Sanders[129] (R-San Diego) Antonio Villaraigosa[130] (D-Los Angeles) Former mayors Rocky Anderson[131] (D-Salt Lake City) Willie Brown[132] (D-San Francisco) Ron Gonzales[133] (D-San Jose) Jan Laverty Jones[132] (D-Las Vegas) Ed Koch[134] (D-New York) Greg Nickels[116][135] (D-Seattle) Tom Potter[136][137] (D-Portland) Organizations and religious denominations Organizations such as the American Bar Association,[138] the National Organization for Women,[139] the Human Rights Campaign,[140] the AFL-CIO,[141] the ACLU,[142] the American Psychiatric Association,[143] the American Psychological Association,[144] the National Association of Social Workers,[145] the American Academy of Pediatrics,[146] the Service Employees International Union (SEIU),[147] the National Education Association,[148] Freedom to Marry,[149] Marriage Equality USA, the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights,[150] the Gray Panthers,[151] People for the American Way,[152] American Humanist Association[153], Secular Coalition for America,[154] GLAAD, Center for American Progress, Rainbow/PUSH Coalition, American Foundation for Equal Rights, Lambda Legal, Moveon.org, Drum Major Institute,[155] Institute for Policy Studies,[156] Americans for Democratic Action,[157] Progressive Democrats of America, Campus Progress, Democracy for America, Progressive Majority, NARAL Pro-Choice America,[158] Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG), the Southern Poverty Law Center,[159] the Anti-Defamation League,[160] and Amnesty International[161] all support the legalization of same-sex marriage. Same-sex marriage is supported by several religious denominations such as the Metropolitan Community Church, the United Church of Christ, the Episcopal Church,[162][dead link] Reconstructionist Judaism, Reform Judaism, the Unitarian Universalist Association, and liberal Quakers.[163] See also Same-sex marriage in the United States Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state Opponents of same-sex marriage in the United States References ^ Newport, Frank (2009-06-01). "Republican Base Heavily White, Conservative, Religious". Gallup Poll. http://www.gallup.com/poll/118937/Republican-Base-Heavily-White-Conservative-Religious.aspx. Retrieved 2009-08-29.  ^ "2008 Republican Platform: Preserving Our Values". United States Republican Party. http://www.gop.com/2008Platform/Values.htm#6. Retrieved June 19, 2010.  ^ "The 2008 Democratic National Platform: Renewing America's Promise". Democratic Party. http://www.democrats.org/page/-/pdf/dem-platform.pdf. Retrieved 2009-08-09.  ^ Jacobs, Ethan (2008-08-14). "Dem platform takes bold steps forward on LGBT rights, HIV/AIDS; Log Cabin writes off GOP platform". Bay Windows. http://www.aegis.org/news/bayw/2008/BY080804.html. Retrieved 2009-08-29.  ^ "CPUSA Program: Gays and Lesbians". Communist Party USA. 2006-05-19. http://www.cpusa.org/party-program/#3e. Retrieved 2010-06-06. "As do all other people, gays and lesbians demand and deserve full and equal civil rights, including the right to marry."  ^ "Socialist Party Platform: Human Rights". Socialist Party USA. Socialist Party USA. http://socialistparty-usa.org/platform/humanrights.html. Retrieved 2006-07-05. "We call for the end of all anti-gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBTQ) restrictions in law and the work place, the repeal of all sodomy laws, and the legalization of same-sex marriage."  ^ "Information on Green Party Positions on Marriage Equality and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Rights". Green Party. 2005-01-01. http://www.gp.org/issue/marriageequality.pdf. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "The Green Party firmly believes that same-sex couples should have all of the same rights that heterosexual couples do and that the Defense of Marriage Act" is a violation of civil rights. The rights of same-sex couples far outweighs the rights of what some people believe a married couple should be."  ^ "Libertarians applaud steps toward marriage equality". Libertarian Party. 2009-04-13. http://www.lp.org/news/press-releases/libertarians-applaud-steps-toward-marriage-equality. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "America’s third largest party Monday praised officials in Iowa, Vermont and the District of Columbia for taking recent steps toward marriage equality, and urged legislators in all states to scrap government licensing, taxation and regulation of marriage."  ^ "Constitution Party National Platform". Constitution Party. http://www.constitutionparty.com/party_platform.php#Family. Retrieved June 19, 2010.  ^ "2010 State Platform". California Democratic Party. http://www.cadem.org/site/c.jrLZK2PyHmF/b.1193709/k.7470/Equality_of_Opportunity.htm. Retrieved August 2, 2010.  ^ "Your Party's Platform". Connecticut Democratic Party. http://www.ctdems.org/platform.htm. Retrieved August 2, 2010.  ^ "DC Democratic State Committee News" (PDF). District of Columbia Democratic State Committee. June 2009. http://www.dcdsc.org/docs/newsletter/dcdscnewsjune09.pdf. Retrieved September 26, 2010.  ^ "2010 Iowa Democratic Party Platform" (PDF). Iowa Democratic Party. http://iowademocrats.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/2010platform.pdf. Retrieved August 2, 2010.  ^ "Maine Democratic Party 2010 Party Platform" (PDF). Maine Democratic Party. http://www.mainedems.org/assets/files/MDPPlatform2010.pdf. Retrieved August 2, 2010.  ^ "Massachusetts Democratic Party Platform". Massachusetts Democratic Party. http://www.massdems.org/about/platform.cfm. Retrieved March 17, 2008.  ^ "Minnesota DFL Action Agenda" (PDF). http://dfl.org/sites/dfl.org/files/2010%20Action%20Agenda.pdf. Retrieved June 19, 2010.  ^ "New Hampshire Democratic Party Platform". New Hampshire Democratic Party. http://nhdp.org/free_details.asp?id=59. Retrieved August 2, 2010.  ^ "2010 New Mexico Democratic Party Platform". New Mexico Democratic Party. http://www.nmdemocrats.org/platform/civilliberties. Retrieved August 2, 2010.  ^ New York State Democratic Committee (September 22, 2003). "Equal Marriage Rights for All NY Couples" (PDF). Freedom to Marry. http://www.freedomtomarry.org/page/-/files/pdfs/NYSDC%20marriage%20resolution%20Sept%202003.pdf. Retrieved September 30, 2010.  ^ "Issues - Equal Rights". Working Families Party. http://www.workingfamiliesparty.org/issues/equal-rights/. Retrieved June 6, 2010. "Marriage is one of society’s most important social institutions, and — with a healthcare system in crisis — marriage is also a key economic benefit gays and lesbians can’t be excluded from."  ^ Staff (2010-06-27). "Legislative Agenda of the Democratic Party of Oregon for 2010". Democratic Party of Oregon. http://www.dpo.org/sites/www.dpo.org/files/legistlative_agenda_2010.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-01.  ^ Staff (2009-11-19). "Progressive Party Platform". Oregon Progressive Party. http://www.progparty.org/node/15. Retrieved 2010-10-12.  ^ "Vermont Democratic Party 2010 Platform". Vermont Democratic Party. September 11, 2010. http://www.vtdemocrats.org/content/platform-0. Retrieved September 26, 2010.  ^ "Civil Rights: VPP Platform". Vermont Progressive Party. http://www.progressiveparty.org/civil-rights-platform. Retrieved May 8, 2010. "Support marriage equity for same-sex couples."  ^ "2010 Washington State Democratic Party Platform - Plank 3 - Civil and Human Rights" (PDF). Washington State Democratic Party. http://wa-democrats.org/pdf/03%20-%20Civil%20Rights%20and%20Human%20Rights.pdf. Retrieved August 2, 2010.  ^ "Wyoming Democratic Party 2010 Platform" (PDF). Wyoming Democratic Party. May 15, 2010. http://www.wyomingdemocrats.com/ht/a/GetDocumentAction/id/1303600. Retrieved September 30, 2010.  ^ Tracey, Michael (July 14, 2009). "Bill Clinton Backs Same-Sex Marriage". The Nation. http://www.thenation.com/article/bill-clinton-backs-same-sex-marriage. Retrieved December 30, 2009.  ^ Gore, Al (January 17, 2008). "Gay men and women should have the same rights". Current TV. http://current.com/items/88817757_gay-men-and-women-should-have-the-same-rights.htm. Retrieved December 30, 2009.  ^ "Cheney backs gay marriage, calls it a state issue". MSNBC. 2009-06-02. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31066626/. Retrieved 2010-01-20.  ^ Keen, Lisa (2009-05-06). "N.H., Maine, D.C. make progress on the gay-marriage front". Keen News Service (Windy City Times). http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/gay/lesbian/news/ARTICLE.php?AID=21124. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "while he had opposed same-sex marriage in the past, 'I have come to believe that this is a question of fairness and of equal protection under the law.' he said."  ^ Marr, Kendra (August 8, 2010). "McDonnell: Judge wrong to overturn Prop. 8". Politico. http://www.politico.com/blogs/politicolive/0810/McDonnell_Judge_wrong_to_overturn_Californias_Prop_8.html?showall. Retrieved August 9, 2010. "'I think the court was courageous,' she said, adding that she would like to see the ruling 'move to a higher level and affect more states.'"  ^ Goodnough, Abby (2009-06-03). "New Hampshire Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/04/us/04marriage.html. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "Gov. John Lynch promptly signed the legislation, making the state the sixth to let gay couples wed... 'Today,' he said, 'we are standing up for the liberties of same-sex couples by making clear that they will receive the same rights, responsibilities — and respect — under New Hampshire law.'"  ^ Bykowicz, Julie (2010-06-02). "Gansler vocal on gay marriage". The Baltimore Sun. http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bs-md-politics-gansler-unions-20100602,0,1623391,full.story. Retrieved 2010-06-02.  ^ "Bill recognizes civil right of marriage". The Hudson Valley Press. 2009-04-29. http://www.hvpress.net/news/126/ARTICLE/6822/2009-04-29.html. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "'Marriage equality is about basic civil rights and personal freedom,' Governor Paterson said."  ^ Gozemba, Patricia (2008-06-19). "What a difference a governor can make". Bay Windows. http://www.baywindows.com/index.php?ch=columnists&sc=guest_opinion&sc2=&sc3=&id=76165. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "Patrick, who ran on a platform of marriage equality"  ^ Yamamura, Kevin; Ferriss, Susan (August 6, 2010). "Let gays begin marrying, Schwarzenegger urges". The Sacramento Bee. http://www.sacbee.com/2010/08/06/2942696/let-gays-begin-marrying-schwarzenegger.html. Retrieved August 7, 2010.  ^ "Governor Schwarzenegger Issues Statement on Proposition 8 Ruling". Office of the Governor of California. 2010-08-04. http://gov.ca.gov/press-release/15738/. Retrieved 2010-08-04.  ^ Egelko, Bob (2009-10-07). "Prop. 8 forces seek divorce from Jerry Brown". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/07/BAV11A1SLS.DTL&type=printable. Retrieved 2010-01-20.  ^ Mulvihill, Geoff (January 4, 2010). "NJ gay marriage advocates want lawmakers to vote". Associated Press (The Philadelphia Inquirer). http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2010/jan/04/nj-gay-marriage-advocates-want-lawmakers-to-vote. Retrieved June 19, 2010.  ^ Davis, Teddy (May 12, 2009). "Howard Dean Switches on Gay Marriage". ABC News. http://blogs.abcnews.com/thenote/2009/05/howard-dean-swi.html. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ Esteve, Harry (2010-03-15). "Democrats Bradbury, Kitzhaber offer differing views on running Oregon". The Oregonian. http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2010/03/democrats_bradbury_kitzhaber_o.html. Retrieved 2010-06-01.  ^ Kunin, Madeleine M. (April 7, 2009). "Vermont Passes Gay Marriage: How Far We've Come". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/madeleine-m-kunin/vermont-passes-gay-marria_b_184190.html. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ Solomon, Deborah (April 29, 2009). "Jersey Boy". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/magazine/03wwln-q4-t.html. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ Hakim, Danny (2006-10-07). "Spitzer Vows to Push for Gay Marriage". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/07/nyregion/07gays.html. Retrieved 2010-01-20.  ^ a b c d Stein, Sam (August 31, 2010). "Steve Schmidt, Former McCain Campaign Chief, On Mehlman Fundraiser: Same-Sex Marriage Becoming Conservative Cause". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/31/mccain-campaign-chief-sch_n_700623.html. Retrieved August 31, 2010.  ^ "Issues: Equality and Civil Rights". Lee Fisher for Ohio. Archived from the original on November 3, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5txwVYuUS. Retrieved June 24, 2010.  ^ "Mass. lieutenant governor candidates on the issues". The Boston Globe. September 15, 2006. http://www.boston.com/news/local/politics/candidates/articles/2006/09/15/lieutenant_governor_issues_html/. Retrieved February 9, 2010.  ^ "About Elizabeth". Elizabeth Roberts for Rhode Island. Archived from the original on November 3, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5txwstIXl. Retrieved June 24, 2010.  ^ Clayworth, Jason (November 11, 2009). "Support marriage equality, GOP’s Joy Corning says in new robo call". The Des Moines Register. http://blogs.desmoinesregister.com/dmr/index.php/2009/11/11/support-marriage-equality-gop%E2%80%99s-corning-says-in-new-robo-call/. Retrieved February 8, 2010.  ^ http://data.lambdalegal.org/publications/downloads/fs_marriage-equality-timeline.pdf ^ a b Williams, Juliet (May 31, 2009). "Gay Marriage Debate Complicates SF Mayor's Future". Associated Press (ABC News). http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=7721292. Retrieved February 8, 2010. [dead link] ^ "Highlights of Senator Boxer's Record on LGBT Issues". Official website. Archived from the original on June 24, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5qiwVkWqa. Retrieved June 24, 2010.  ^ Resnick, Eric (2009-06-19). "Has Lee Fisher changed his position on marriage?". Gay People's Chronicle. http://www.gaypeopleschronicle.com/stories09/june/0619097.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "Ohio’s other U.S. Senator, Sherrod Brown, also a Democrat, was elected in 2006 on a platform supporting marriage equality."  ^ "LGBT for Chris Coons". Chris Coons for Delaware. Archived from the original on September 25, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5t0KHNvMN. Retrieved November 15, 2010.  ^ Becker, Bernie (2009-06-22). "Dodd Endorses Gay Marriage". The Caucus (The New York Times). http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/06/22/dodd-endorses-gay-marriage/. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "I believe that, when my daughters grow up, barriers to marriage equality for same-sex couples will seem as archaic, and as unfair, as the laws we once had against inter-racial marriage: Dodd"  ^ "Sen. Feingold: I Support Gay Marriage". Associated Press (Fox News). April 4, 2006. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,190594,00.html. Retrieved June 19, 2010.  ^ Feinstein, Dianne (June 18, 2010). "What's ahead for same-sex marriage?". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/18/AR2010061805140.html. Retrieved June 19, 2010. "That's why I strongly support equal marriage rights."  ^ Steller, Chris (2009-07-02). "Franken: My Tuesday swearing-in will feature Biden, Mondale, Klobuchar". Minnesota Independent. http://minnesotaindependent.com/38525/franken-coleman-biden-mondale-klobuchar. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "Franken offered no defense of the controversial Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA). 'I’m pro-same-sex marriage,' he said. 'I think DOMA will be history soon.'"  ^ Pickert, Kate (2009-01-23). "N.Y. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand". 2-MIN. BIO. (Time). http://www.time.com/time/politics/article/0,8599,1873589,00.html. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "the Empire State Pride Agenda endorsed her appointment and said she assured the group that she 'supports marriage equality for same-sex couples.'"  ^ http://www.qctimes.com/news/local/article_e5e4b77a-3c19-11de-8d1d-001cc4c03286.html ^ "John Kerry finally supports marriage equality on record! Hooray!". Blue Mass. Group. October 24, 2008. http://bluemassgroup.com/diary/13677. Retrieved July 8, 2010.  ^ a b Goldstein, Steven (April 22, 2008). "Garden State Equality's endorsement in the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate". Garden State Equality. http://www.bluejersey.com/showDiary.do?diaryId=7580. Retrieved June 19, 2010.  ^ Pope, Charles (2008-06-26). "Some gay-rights advocates question Oregon senator's commitment". The Oregonian. http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/121445252542580.xml&coll=7. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "Merkley supports gay marriage."  ^ Goodman, Amy (2009-03-25). "Sen. Sanders Blocking Vote to Confirm Obama Nominee Who Worked to Deregulate Credit Default Swaps". Democracy Now!. http://www.democracynow.org/2009/3/25/sen_sanders_blocking_vote_to_confirm. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "AMY GOODMAN: 'Do you support same-sex marriage?' SEN. BERNIE SANDERS: 'Yes.'"  ^ Humm, Andy (2009-06-01). "40 Years After Stonewall: New York's Role in the Movement". Gotham Gazette. http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/civilrights/20090615/3/2939. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "Like all other same-sex married couples, New Yorkers lack federal rights associated with marriage due to the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act. Sen. Charles Schumer, who voted for that anti-gay bill, this year became the last statewide official to come out in favor of same-sex marriage"  ^ United States Senate (June 4, 2009). "Shaheen statement in support of new same-sex marriage law". Press release. http://shaheen.senate.gov/news/press/release/?id=93b3c5a8-265a-40fd-9a19-cb22776f4920. Retrieved December 19, 2009.  ^ "Sheldon Whitehouse on Civil Rights". On the Issues. 2009-01-30. http://www.ontheissues.org/Domestic/Sheldon_Whitehouse_Civil_Rights.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "Q: Do you support gay marriage, civil unions, or neither?... I support gay marriage, and believe states and localities should be able to legally recognize them."  ^ a b c "National Gay and Lesbian Task Force salutes U.S. Sen. Russell Feingold for supporting marriage equality". National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. April 4, 2006. http://www.thetaskforce.org/press/releases/pr932_040406. Retrieved July 30, 2010. "As a result of this announcement, Feingold becomes the fourth U.S. senator to support marriage equality, along with Lincoln Chafee (R-R.I.), Edward Kennedy (D-Mass.) and Ron Wyden (D-Ore.)."  ^ http://markdayton.org/mainsite/issues/marriage-equality/ ^ United States House of Representatives (August 6, 2010). "Pelosi Statement on California State Supreme Court Ruling on Gay Marriage". Press release. http://pelosi.house.gov/newsletters/2010/08/saving-teachers-jobs-and-helping-seniors-and-children-fighting-for-marriage-equality.shtml. Retrieved November 25, 2010.  ^ "Civil Rights". Office of Tammy Baldwin. Archived from the original on 2006-09-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20060925222117/http://tammybaldwin.house.gov/issues_CivilRights.html#8. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "I believe in full marriage equality for gays and lesbians."  ^ "Nevada Democrats Head for Natinal Convention". Associated Press (KOLO-TV). 2004-07-24. http://www.kolotv.com/home/headlines/889321.html. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "Twenty-one delegates don't object to gay marriages - including nine who are in traditional marriages... 'It's not a matter of favoring gay marriage, it's about discriminating against fellow Americans,' said delegate and Rep. Shelley Berkley of Las Vegas. 'I can't understand, I can't imagine how we as Americans who believe in freedom and equality for all could discriminate.'"  ^ Blumenauer, Earl (2004-03-03). "Blumenauer Statement on Multnomah County Decision to Issue Marriage Licences to Same-Sex Couples". Office of Earl Blumenauer. http://blumenauer.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=554&Itemid=170. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "As someone who recently married, I feel no threat to my relationship because others may want to pursue a lifelong and legal commitment to their partner. I support same-sex couples having this right, the same as any couple."  ^ "On the Issues: LGBT". Office of U.S. Representatives Lois Capps. http://capps.house.gov/lgbt.shtml. "I firmly believe our LGBT friends and neighbors deserve [...] the right to marry."  ^ Easton, Nina J. (2005-05-19). "Capuano takes jab at Reilly for stance on gay marriage gubernatorial bid seen as possibility". The Boston Globe. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P2-7903678.html. Retrieved 2009-09-16.  ^ "Judy Chu - An Ardent New Ally in Congress". The Bilerico Project. 2009-08-05. http://www.bilerico.com/2009/08/judy_chu_-_an_ardent_new_ally_in_congress.php. "Chu is an ardent supporter of marriage equality."  ^ United States House of Representatives (June 14, 2007). "Clarke Supports New York's Efforts Recognizing Same Sex Marriage". Press release. http://clarke.house.gov/2007/06/061407a.shtml. Retrieved July 29, 2010.  ^ a b c d e f Lynsen, Joshua (2006-11-17). "New Dems mixed on gay issues". Washington Blade. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. http://www.freezepage.com/1263736315NMCMMKVWSK. "Nine incoming Democrats of the 50 examined by the Blade were verified to support full marriage equality for gay couples. They are Sen. elect Sheldon Whitehouse (R.I.), and Reps. elect Ed Perlmutter (Colo.), Joe Courtney and Chris Murphy (Conn.), John Sarbanes (Md.), Keith Ellison (Minn.), Carol Shea-Porter (N.H.), Yvette Clarke (N.Y.) and Stephen Cohen (Tenn.)."  ^ a b c "Spitzer, Hoyt and 44 other NYS elected officials support for marriage equality for same-sex couples". Outcome Buffalo. 2006-03-21. http://www.outcomebuffalo.com/nys-elects-support-3-22-0603011.htm. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "Elected officials on the list range from Buffalo to NYC to Long Island and include: statewide officeholders Attorney General Eliot Spitzer and Comptroller Alan G. Hevesi; U.S. Representatives Jerrold Nadler, Joseph Crowley, and Carolyn B Maloney; state legislators like Assemblymember Sam Hoyt from Buffalo, Senators David A. Paterson and Jose Serrano from NYC, and Assemblymember Charles D. Lavine from Nassau County; and county and local officials like Tompkins County District Attorney Gwen Wilkinson and Brighton Town Supervisor Sandra Frankel."  ^ "On the Issues: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, or Transgendered (LGBT)". Office of U.S. Representative Anna Eshoo. http://eshoo.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=777:lesbian-gay-bisexual-or-transgendered-lgbt&catid=46:justice-a-civil-rights&Itemid=100030#marriage. "Rep. Eshoo believes any person should be allowed to marry regardless of their sexual orientation."  ^ Rosin, Hanna (2004-03-23). "Barney Frank, Throwing Cold Water Instead of Rice". The Washington Post. p. C.01. "Frank supports gay marriages, just not the ones in San Francisco."  ^ "Voice for Equality: Gabrielle Giffords". Freedom to Marry. April 21, 2009. http://www.freedomtomarry.org/blog/entry/voice-for-equality-gabrielle-giffords. Retrieved July 29, 2010.  ^ Himes, Jim (2008). "LGBT". http://himesforcongress.com/site/issue/lgbt. "Jim Himes supports marriage equality. Same-sex couples should have the same choices that other couples have, including whether or not to marry, and they should have access to the benefits and responsibilities of legally recognized relationships-including health insurance, unemployment compensation, taxes, immigration status, inheritance, family leave, and hospital visitation."  ^ Schoenberg, Shira (July 18, 2010). "Court ruling changes few minds on federal marriage law". Concord Monitor. http://www.concordmonitor.com/article/court-ruling-changes-few-minds-on-federal-marriage-law. Retrieved July 27, 2010.  ^ "Democrats demand gay marriage be put to vote in NJ". Associated Press. WABC-TV. http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/politics&id=7146825. Retrieved July 29, 2010.  ^ Honda, Mike (03/22/2004). "Project Vote Smart - Representative Michael M. 'Mike' Honda - Statement in Support of Gay Marriage". Project Vote Smart. Project Vote Smart. http://www.vote-smart.org/speech_detail.php?sc_id=112776. Retrieved 2010-07-26. "I support the right of committed gay and lesbian couples to marry."  ^ Bakst, M. Charles (2003-08-10). "Cicilline, Kennedy hit mark on gay issue". The Providence Journal. http://www.projo.com/news/mcharlesbakst/projo_20030810_mcb10x.a324a.html. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "Kennedy, who is Catholic, last week took on his own church, reiterating his support for same-sex marriage and likening opposition to it as 'bigotry or discrimination'"  ^ Casillas, Ofelia (2007-10-02). "Kucinich: Diminutive lion of the left". Chicago Tribune (Los Angeles Times). http://www.calendarlive.com/news/politics/chi-071002kucinich-story,0,6467595.story. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "When asked if there is any gay-rights issue he was against, Kucinich concluded: "No." He said the symbol for marriage equality -- two rings -- should be enclosed in a heart. "Because what we are really talking about here is human love," he said."  ^ "Supporting Equal Rights for the LGBT Community". United States House of Representatives. http://lee.house.gov/index.cfm?sectionid=79&sectiontree=38,79. Retrieved June 19, 2010.  ^ Lewis, John (2003-10-25). "At a crossroads on gay unions". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2003/10/25/at_a_crossroads_on_gay_unions/. Retrieved 2009-09-18.  ^ Wirzbicki, Alan (March 10, 2010). "Gay-marriage advocates praise Lynch". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2010/03/10/a_decade_later_gay_marriage_advocates_praise_lynch/. Retrieved May 10, 2010.  ^ Marus, Robert (2006-07-18). "As expected, House again defeats Federal Marriage Amendment". Associated Baptist Press. http://www.abpnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1370&Itemid=119. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "However, anti-gay-marriage sentiment may be decreasing among the electorate. During House debate on the amendment proposal, Rep. James McGovern (D-Mass.) said his state had seen no detrimental effects in the two-plus years gay marriage has been legal there." [dead link] ^ "Voice for Equality: Jim Moran". Freedom to Marry. April 20, 2009. http://www.freedomtomarry.org/blog/entry/voice-for-equality-jim-moran. Retrieved July 29, 2010.  ^ United States House of Representatives (January 19, 2004). "Statement from Congressman John W. Olver on the President's State of the Union Address". Press release. http://www.olver.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=345&Itemid=31. Retrieved May 10, 2010. "Before millions of Americans, President Bush, who characterizes himself as a unifier, not a divider, stated his divisive belief that gay Americans do not deserve the right to marriage that all other Americans enjoy. I believe that gay and lesbian citizens should have the same rights and responsibilities as other citizens."  ^ Melli, Juan (2006-10-25). "NJ Pols Respond to Supreme Court Decision". Blue Jersey. http://www.bluejersey.com/showDiary.do?diaryId=2967. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "I hope the legislature now passes legislation that defines a union between same-sex couples as marriage."  ^ Pingree, Chellie (November 2, 2009). "Tomorrow We Can Make History". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chellie-pingree/tomorrow-we-can-make-hist_b_342632.html. Retrieved January 17, 2010.  ^ Richburg, Keith (2009-04-08). "Vermont goes fourth with gay marriage". The Washington Post (The Denver Post). http://www.denverpost.com/mobile/ci_12094169. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "'It's about time,' said Colorado Rep. Jared Polis, the first openly gay man elected as a congressional freshman. 'Marriage equality is long overdue in this country, and I can't wait to see which state will be next to step up and provide equal rights to all its residents.'"  ^ Zorn, Eric (2009-09-15). "Quigley comes out for gay marriage". Chicago Tribune. http://blogs.chicagotribune.com/news_columnists_ezorn/2009/09/quigley-comes-out-for-gay-marriage.html. Retrieved 2009-09-16.  ^ United States House of Representatives (September 15, 2009). "Congressman Quigley Stands Up For Marriage Equality, Joins Other Cosponsors at Introduction of Bill to Repeal DOMA". Press release. http://quigley.house.gov/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=133. Retrieved July 29, 2010.  ^ Maddaus, Gene (2009-02-09). "Richardson belts "I Will Survive" at Dem retreat". South Bay Pipeline. http://www.insidesocal.com/southbay/2009/02/richardson-belts-i-will-surviv.html. Retrieved 2010-07-27. "Richardson now supports gay marriage"  ^ "N.J. congressman changes position on gay marriage". Associated Press (New Jersey On-Line). 2008-06-01. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2008/07/nj_congressman_changes_positio.html. Retrieved 2009-09-18.  ^ "Voice for Equality: John Sarbanes". Freedom to Marry. May 1, 2009. http://www.freedomtomarry.org/blog/entry/voice-for-equality-john-sarbanes. Retrieved July 30, 2010.  ^ United States House of Representatives (June 7, 2006). "Schakowsky answers your questions, participates in online town hall meeting" (PDF). Press release. http://schakowsky.house.gov/index.php?view=article&catid=12%3A2006-press-releases&id=1175&format=pdf&option=com_content&Itemid=30. Retrieved July 30, 2010.  ^ Speier, Jackie. "Equality". Congresswoman Jackie Speier. Archived from the original on July 30, 2010. http://www.freezepage.com/1280494410DPXYGZYQUM. Retrieved July 9, 2009. "We do not limit, based on sexual orientation, the ability of adults to enter into other contracts, so it makes no sense to treat the marriage contract any differently."  ^ Mason, Edward (August 30, 2007). "Tsongas: 'I can get to work ... the minute I get there". The Eagle-Tribune. http://www.eagletribune.com/local/x1876385291/Tsongas-I-can-get-to-work-the-minute-I-get-there. Retrieved May 10, 2010.  ^ "Tim Walz Interview on "Lambert and Janacek"". Minnesota Democrats Exposed. July 27, 2006. http://www.freedomtomarry.org/blog/entry/voice-for-equality-tim-walz. Retrieved July 30, 2010.  ^ Monro, Ian (2008-11-18). "No more Mr Nice Gay, say New York protestors". The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/no-more-mr-nice-gay-say-new-york-protesters/2008/11/16/1226770257424.html. Retrieved 2009-07-09. "Mr Weiner... was introduced as a 'straight ally of marriage equality'."  ^ Totten, Shay (April 1, 2009). "Those Damn Distractions". Seven Days: Vermont's Independent Voice. http://www.7dvt.com/2009those-damn-distractions. Retrieved November 25, 2010. ""Congressman Welch does personally support legalizing gay marriage," said Paul Heintz, Welch’s spokesman"  ^ "H.R.3567 - Cosponsors". THOMAS. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d111:HR03567:@@@N. Retrieved August 10, 2010.  ^ Sample, Herbert A. (2009-10-10). "Hawaii evangelical churches plan election push". Associated Press (Google News). Archived from the original on 2009-10-10. http://www.webcitation.org/5kQbPNVZS. Retrieved 2009-10-10.  ^ "Tom Campbell bows out". Los Angeles Times. January 15, 2010. http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/editorials/la-ed-campbell15-2010jan15,0,7167704.story. Retrieved 2010-05-08.  ^ Dicker, Fredric U.; Haberman, Maggie (January 11, 2010). "Now Harold Ford Jr. backs gay marriage". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/now_ford_comes_out_for_gay_nups_VASWuxve4ht5Y4aZM8K5dJ. Retrieved January 11, 2010.  ^ Smitherman, Laura (March 13, 2009). "Support for gay marriage". The Baltimore Sun. http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2009-03-13/news/0903120060_1_gilchrest-gay-marriage-rights-for-gays. Retrieved January 12, 2010.  ^ "Steel City Stonewall Democrats - completed questionnaire from JOE HOEFFEL who is seeking election for Governor of Pennsylvania". Stonewall Democrats. March 24, 2010. Archived from the original on June 28, 2010. http://www.webcitation.org/5qpFiYObU. Retrieved June 28, 2010.  ^ Sandalow, Marc (2004-03-22). "Political parties skittish about hot-button issue". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2004/03/22/MNG7E5P3G61.DTL. Retrieved 2009-07-09.  ^ a b McGuinness, William (2009-06-15). "Nation's Mayors Speak Up for Equality". The Advocate. http://advocate.com/news_detail_ektid90619.asp. Retrieved 2009-06-16.  ^ a b c Melloy, Kilian (June 18, 2009). "U.S. Conference of Mayors Endorses Marriage Equality". EDGE Boston. http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=&sc2=news&sc3=&id=92742. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ Browne, Christopher (May 30, 2006). "New York court takes up gay marriage". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2006/LAW/05/30/ny.gaymarriage/index.html. Retrieved December 30, 2009.  ^ Angela Delli Santi (December 2, 2009). "Democrats press Trenton to legalize gay marriage". Associated Press (The Philadelphia Inquirer). http://www.philly.com/inquirer/local/nj/20091202_Democrats_press_N_J__to_OK_gay_marriages.html. Retrieved May 8, 2010. [dead link] ^ a b Pierre, Robert E.; Cooperman, Alan (February 19, 2004). "Mayors Support Gay Marriage Rights". The Washington Post (The Ledger): p. A14. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mqcsAAAAIBAJ&pg=6749,6304318. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ Young, Samantha (June 17, 2008). "Vignettes from California's same-sex weddings". Associated Press (Fox News). http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Jun17/0,4670,GayMarriageVignettes,00.html. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ Hornick, Ed (2009-04-09). "Same-sex marriage rights a step closer in District of Columbia". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/04/07/dc.marriage/. Retrieved 2009-05-05.  ^ "3rd Grader Oganizes 'Marriage Equality' Rally". KCNC-TV. May 17, 2009. http://cbs4denver.com/local/marriage.equality.rally.2.1012021.html. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ "Electionland with Michael McGinn - LGBT Civil Rights". The Stranger. 2009. http://2009mayoralprimary.electionland.thestranger.com/questions/4244-lgbt-civil-rights. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ "Our Mayor". Tom Menino (Official website). http://mayormenino.com/ourmayor.html. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ Dearen, Jason (May 16, 2008). "Same-sex marriage ruling also victory for SF mayor". Associated Press (Fox News Channel). http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008May16/0,4670,GayMarriageMayor,00.html. Retrieved December 30, 2009.  ^ Creed, Ryan (June 5, 2007). "Just Like a Mayor". Philadelphia City Paper. http://citypaper.net/articles/2007/06/07/just-like-a-mayor. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ Bink, Adam (December 8, 2009). "An interview with Annise Parker for Houston Mayor". The Bilerico Project. http://www.bilerico.com/2009/12/an_interview_with_annise_parker_for_houston_mayor.php. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ "San Diego mayor to back same-sex marriage". Associated Press (USA Today). September 21, 2007. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-09-20-san-diego-mayor_N.htm. Retrieved December 30, 2009.  ^ Orlov, Rick (2008-10-14). "Mayor supports fight against Proposition 8". The Sausage Factory. http://www.insidesocal.com/politics/2008/10/mayor-supports-fight-against-p.html. Retrieved 2009-07-10. "Same-sex marriage is the law of the land in California. In my legal capacity as Mayor of Los Angeles, I have proudly officiated many same-sex weddings since the Supreme Court ruling in June confirmed the constitutionality of these unions."  ^ May, Heather (February 6, 2004). "Rocky to boycott Marriage Week USA". The Salt Lake Tribune. http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/SLTB/lib00825,100CE2AEDBFC3939.html. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ a b "Marriage Resolution: Selected Signatories". Lambda Legal. http://www.lambdalegal.org/take-action/tool-kits/people-of-faith-speak-out/marriage-resolution.html. Retrieved 2010-01-20.  ^ Konrad, Rachel (March 10, 2004). "San Jose agrees to recognize same-sex marriages". Associated Press (North County Times). http://www.nctimes.com/news/state-and-regional/article_70732501-a84f-53a1-9274-cc78470d38f6.html. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ Koch, Ed (May 11, 2009). "Ed Koch Commentary: Fundamental Fairness and Same-Sex Marriage". Yonkers Tribune. http://yonkerstribune.typepad.com/yonkers_tribune/2009/05/ed-koch-commentary-fundamental-fairness-and-same-sex-marriage.html. Retrieved May 8, 2010.  ^ "Mayor Signs Executive Order, Will Send Ordinance to Council Recognizing Same Sex Marriage". Seattle. 2004/03/08. http://www.seattle.gov/news/detail.asp?ID=4166&dept=40/. Retrieved 2010-01-20.  ^ Pasero, Jim (June 2004). "Life in the Land of the Latte Leftists". Brainstorm NW. http://www.brainstormnw.com/archive/jun04_feature.html. Retrieved 2010-06-01.  ^ Associated Press (2008-11-15). "Oregonians rally in wake of Calif. gay marriage ban". KATU. http://www.katu.com/news/34522809.html. Retrieved 2010-06-01.  ^ http://www.abanow.org/2010/07/am-2010-111/ http://www.equalrightsfoundation.org/news/aba-passes-resolution-backing-marriage-equality/ ^ http://www.now.org/issues/lgbi/ ^ http://www.hrc.org/index.htm ^ http://prideatwork.org/page.php?id=5 ^ http://www.aclu.org/lgbt/ ^ http://www.psych.org/Departments/EDU/Library/APAOfficialDocumentsandRelated/PositionStatements/200502a.aspx ^ http://www.sdgln.com/news/2010/08/11/apa-reaffirms-support-same-sex-marriage ^ http://www.socialworkers.org/diversity/lgb/062005.asp ^ http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/118/1/349 ^ http://www.seiu.org/mt/mt-search.cgi?blog_id=1&tag=same-sex%20marriage&limit=20 ^ http://www.gaywired.com/article.cfm?section=9&id=9911 ^ http://www.freedomtomarry.org/pages/about-us ^ http://www.civilrights.org/lgbt/marriage/ ^ http://graypanthers.org/pdfs/Issues-Civil_Rights.pdf ^ http://site.pfaw.org/site/PageServer?pagename=issues_equality_myths_and_facts ^ http://www.considerhumanism.org/quotes.php ^ http://www.secular.org/issues/marriage ^ http://www.drummajorinstitute.org/library/article.php?ID=5518 ^ http://www.ips-dc.org/articles/obamas_victory ^ http://www.adaction.org/pages/issues/all-policy-resolutions/social-amp-domestic/126-gay-rights.php ^ http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/news/press-releases/2004/pr071404_fma.html ^ http://data.lambdalegal.org/pdf/legal/inre_ca_ba_20070822_supreme_southern-poverty-law-center.pdf ^ http://www.adl.org/PresRele/DiRaB_41/4686_41.htm ^ http://www.amnestyusa.org/lgbt-human-rights/marriage-equality/page.do?id=1551077 ^ Time. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1911487,00.html.  ^ http://www.iwgonline.org/marriage/ v • d • e Same-sex unions in the United States Main articles: Defense of Marriage Act - Public opinion (Opponents - List of supporters) - Status by state (Law - Legislation) Same-sex marriage legalized: Connecticut - District of Columbia - Iowa - Massachusetts - New Hampshire^ - Vermont^^ Same-sex marriage recognized, but not performed: California*# - Maryland - New York - Rhode Island Domestic partnership or Civil union legalized: California - Colorado - District of Columbia - Hawaii - Maine - Maryland - Nevada - New Jersey - Oregon - Washington - Wisconsin Same-sex marriage prohibited by statute: Delaware - Hawaii - Illinois - Indiana - Maine - Maryland - Minnesota - North Carolina - Pennsylvania - Puerto Rico - Washington - West Virginia - Wyoming Same-sex marriage prohibited by constitutional amendment: Alaska - Arizona - California# - Colorado - Mississippi - Missouri - Montana - Nevada - Oregon - Tennessee All or comprehensive same-sex unions prohibited by constitutional amendment: Alabama - Arkansas - Florida - Georgia - Idaho - Kansas - Kentucky - Louisiana - Michigan - Nebraska - North Dakota - Ohio - Oklahoma - South Carolina - South Dakota - Texas - Utah - Virginia - Wisconsin Recognition of same-sex unions undefined by statute or constitutional amendment: American Samoa - Guam - New Mexico - New York - Rhode Island Notes: *All out-of-state same-sex marriages are given the benefits of marriage under California law, although only those performed before November 5, 2008 are granted the designation "marriage". ^The law authorizing civil unions in New Hampshire was repealed effective January 1, 2010. Any civil unions entered into prior to that date automatically will become marriages, by operation of law, effective January 1, 2011. ^^ As of September 1, 2009, civil unions can no longer be performed in Vermont, however, the state will still recognize one that was validly performed in another jurisdiction. # California's ban on same-sex marriage remains in limbo following a federal case finding the ban unconstitutional, which is stayed pending appeal to the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.