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For the metropolitan area in Chile, see Greater La Serena. La Serena —  City and Commune  — View over the city Flag Coat of arms Map of La Serena commune in Coquimbo Region La Serena Location in Chile Coordinates (city): 29°54′S 71°15′W / 29.9°S 71.25°W / -29.9; -71.25Coordinates: 29°54′S 71°15′W / 29.9°S 71.25°W / -29.9; -71.25 Country Chile Region Coquimbo Province Elqui La Serena September 4, 1544 Government[1]  - Type Municipality  - Alcalde Raúl Saldívar Auger (PS) Area[2]  - Total 1,892.8 km2 (730.8 sq mi) Population (2002 Census)[2]  - Total 160,148  - Density 84.6/km2 (219.1/sq mi)  - Urban 147,815  - Rural 12,333 Sex[2]  - Men 77,385  - Women 82,763 Time zone CLT [3] (UTC-4)  - Summer (DST) CLST [4] (UTC-3) Website Municipality of La Serena La Serena is a Chilean city and commune in Elqui Province and capital of the Coquimbo Region. Founded in 1544, it is the country's third oldest city after Santiago and Arica. It is located 471 km (293 mi) north of Santiago, and has a communal population of 190,716 (2006 projection, and 400,000 for the Greater La Serena) area, the country's fourth largest conurbation (pop. 300,000, 2002 census), which includes nearby Coquimbo. and an area of 1,892.80 km2 (731 sq mi). It is one of the fastest-growing areas of Chile, witnessing a population increase of 32.6% between 1992 and 2002. The city is an important tourist destination, especially during the summer, where people go to visit the beaches. It is in the headquarters of the University of La Serena and also is home to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of La Serena, one of five Catholic Archdiocese of Chile. Contents 1 History 2 Demography 3 Geography 4 Climate 5 Political administration 6 Economy 6.1 Tourism 7 Transport 8 Sports 9 Academia 9.1 Schools and high schools 9.2 College and universities 9.3 Observatories 10 Notable people 11 International relations 11.1 Twin towns — sister cities 12 References 13 External links // History The sector is currently located where the city was inhabited by the pre-Hispanic village called Viluma or Vilumanque (Mapudungún Snakes and condors). Map of the city in 1717. La Serena was first founded by Spaniard Captain Juan Bohón, although the exact date is tentative, and identified as probable on November 15 or December 30, 1543 and September 4, 1544. Many historians say simply that it was founded in 1544 on the orders of Pedro de Valdivia in order to provide a sea link between Santiago and Lima. Five years later, on the night of 11 to January 12, 1549, the town was totally destroyed by local Indians and re-founded the same year by Captain Francisco de Aguirre in a safer location. The town has retained its historic architecture and this, along with a selection of beaches (known as Avenida del Mar, "Sea Avenue"), has caused the city to become a significant tourist centre, attracting many foreigners (most of them Argentines from San Juan and Mendoza provinces) during January, and later Santiago residents fleeing February heat. On August 26, 1549, by order of Pedro de Valdivia, Captain Francisco de Aguirre founded the town under the name of San Bartolomé de La Serena (now patron of the city), in the same place where today stands Square Armas. Sometime later, the May 4, 1552, King Carlos I of Spain by royal decree gives the title of city. It's traditional architecture consists of a series of housing and public buildings, of late 19th-century vintage, built with wood from the US state of Oregon brought to Chile as counterweight in sailing vessels coming to Coquimbo, the nearby port, to load copper and other minerals for transport back to the US. This Oregon pine and the use of adobe create the genuine image of the city. Meanwhile, the city suffers continuous attacks of the pirates, with Francis Drake, who would open up the Pacific route to the pirates to 1578. Bartholomew Sharp, that partly burned and looted in 1680 and Edward Davis, who in 1686 set fire to the convent of Santo Domingo, causing great fear among the population, forcing the defense of the city in 1700. Furthermore, he experienced an almost total destruction resulting from an earthquake on July 8, 1730. During the Revolution of 1859 (rebellion against the conservative government), the city was taken by forces led by Pedro Leon Gallo Goyenechea, until it was again occupied by the army of James, the latter defeating the forces of Gallo in the Battle of Cerro Grande. There is also a number of remarkable and valuable small churches built of sedimentary stone quarried 5 km (3 mi) to the north of the Elqui River, having a characteristic color and texture formed by myriad small shells. These churches are all roughly 350 years old and have undergone restoration to varying degrees, bringing them back to their original form. San Francisco, San Agustín, Santo Domingo are the names of a few of them. In 1920, he began to take shape a new economic boom in the mining of iron, attracting capital and human contingent, resulting in a further change in the urban structure. Between 1948 and 1952 begins to unfold the "Plan Serena" project in which the city is renewed investment and urban redevelopment that would print a single label in the country. So begins to take hold in the role of services, rescue and develop an architectural style known as Colonial Revival. The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of La Serena. The Cathedral, built from the same stone, dates from the 19th century. It must be said that although it lacks the same historical value as the older churches, this is a stone building in a country prone to seismic activity, and has survived various earthquakes. Indeed, during centuries of existence, there is almost no visible damage. All of these churches, along with others of minor importance, provide a unique urban landscape, an image for the city, giving it the nickname "The City of Churches." A few of the major sectors are: El Centro ("downtown"), Peñuelas (actually a suburb between La Serena and its sister city Coquimbo), San Joaquín (neighborhood on a hill overlooking the ocean), La Florida, Las Compañías ("the companies"), Cerro Grande ("big hill"), La Antena and the new El Milagro ("the miracle") development. Currently, the city has its own architectural style (known as "neocolonial"), which is differentiated from other cities, preserving old buildings in colonial style, with many important National Monuments, mixing it with modern buildings but each one in turn follows the regulatory framework in the construction of these structures which should each have features to maintain the colonial style of the city. In the center of the city until 2008, is still not possible to identify buildings over 8 stories high for a municipal status, however towards the coastal area of the Avenida del Mar, one begins to see a great real estate boom that is distinguished by observing high-rise buildings, ranging from Serena north to the neighboring city of Coquimbo. Greater La Serena, conurbation of Coquimbo and La Serena.. Demography According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, La Serena had 160,148 inhabitants (77,385 men and 82,763 women). Of these, 147,815 (92.3%) lived in urban areas and 12,333 (7.7%) in rural areas. The population grew by 32.6% (39,332 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.[2] 155,815 persons live in the city proper of La Serena. In 2002, the INE estimated the population would increase to 205,120 by 2008 and 244,070 by 2012. Geography The commune spans a surface area of 1,892.8 km2 (731 sq mi).[2] The city is located on ocean terraces, which are clearly noticeable from the coastal area, through downtown to the eastern sector Vicuña way. The rest of the urban area is based on several small hills, valleys and plains. Graph of rainfall in the city during the year. The city is commonly divided into various sectors in the north are the airline sector, subdivided into two sub-company called High and Low Society. Nearby is San Pedro Creek. To the south are the areas of La Pampa, San Joaquin and the El Milagro. To the east are the sectors of La Antena, Juan XXIII, La Florida, Colina El Pino and the University District. And finally, to the west is the area of Avenida del Mar. The area surrounding the city are mainly areas for growing vegetables as well as having a large number of plantations Chirimoyas, Avocados and Oranges, in addition to where vegetation has an average with some areas found mainly Eucalyptus forests, these areas are normally conducive to wildfires generated summer season (January–February). Climate The climate in the city of La Serena is similar to nearby places in that it is clearly seasonal – in Summer there is an absence of precipitation, but with abundant morning cloudiness and drizzles. These dissipate around noon, giving way to clear skies and hot temperatures that range between 12 and 18 degrees Celsius. In winter the temperatures descend to between 6 and 12 degrees Celsius. Being located in a coastal zone the minimums and maximums are moderated by the maritime influence and the temperature of the ocean Pacific Ocean. Beginning in May the region's climate is strongly affected by the Humboldt Current that includes the zone of Atacama Region. Winter (specifically in June to August) is the rainy season, with a total precipitation approximately 120 mm (4.72 in) annually in the zone in a normal year, a notable exception being the year 1997 which experienced a total rainfall in the city near 500 mm (19.69 in). Climate data for La Serena Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high °C (°F) 22.0 (71.6) 21.1 (70) 18.3 (64.9) 15.2 (59.4) 14.3 (57.7) 13.6 (56.5) 13.2 (55.8) 13.2 (55.8) 14.4 (57.9) 16.0 (60.8) 18.5 (65.3) 20.1 (68.2) 16.7 (62.1) Average low °C (°F) 14.0 (57.2) 14.1 (57.4) 13.0 (55.4) 9.1 (48.4) 9.4 (48.9) 8.1 (46.6) 7.0 (44.6) 7.2 (45) 10.3 (50.5) 11.2 (52.2) 12.0 (53.6) 14.2 (57.6) 10.8 (51.4) Precipitation mm (inches) 1 (0.04) 2 (0.08) 2 (0.08) 12 (0.47) 32 (1.26) 48 (1.89) 50 (1.97) 30 (1.18) 15 (0.59) 2 (0.08) 2 (0.08) 1 (0.04) 197 (7.76) Source: MSN[5] Political administration Side view of the Courts of Justice, Archdiocese and Cathedral. Within the electoral divisions of Chile, La Serena is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Mr. Mario Bertolino (RN) and Marcelo Díaz (PS) as part of the 7th electoral district, (together with La Higuera, Vicuña, Paiguano and Andacollo). The commune is represented in the Senate by Evelyn Matthei Fornet (UDI) and Jorge Pizarro Soto (PDC) as part of the 4th senatorial constituency (Coquimbo Region). As a commune, La Serena is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Raúl Saldívar Auger (PS). The council has the the following members:[1] Margarita Riveros Moreno PPD Yuri Olivares Olivares [Independent] Mary Yorka Ortiz Reyes RN Roberto Jacob Jure PRSD Jorge Hurtado Torrejón RN Floridor Pinto Cortés UDI Amador Muñoz Silva PS Lombardo Toledo Escorza PPC The regional intendant, appointed by the president, is Sergio Gahona Salazar.[6] Economy The beaches, the main economic resource in tourism.. In the last decades, tourism has turned into one of the most important economic activities. The population doubles in the summer months, principally for the beaches, recreational activities, musical festivals, concerts, and Fashion Week. In addition the city is an obligatory stop for hundreds of pilgrims that arrive in the city of Coquimbo, where during The Serenade they find lodging for visiting the zone and Valle de Elqui. In this city there are located branches of the more important chain stores of the country, Mall Plaza La Serena, which has the national shops Falabella and Paris. Also Mall Puerta Del Mar, contains 2 supermarkets, and regional multistores, such as, La Elegante, and shops for the home and construction, such as Jumbo, Líder, Ripley, Santa Isabel, Unimarc, Mega Jonhsons, Easy and Homecenter Sodimac, The downtown is one of the places with major economic and financial institutions of the Coquimbo Region. The final of Avenue Francisco De Aguiire. Tourism The old part of the city presents the only architecture in the country, dividing for being the biggest Typical Zone of Chile, adempas of being the zone of architectural and historical preservation inside an urban, more important zone of the Country. The churches stand out with beautiful models of belfries, there being gained the title of City of the belfries. Church Cathedral of La Serena (Historical Monument from 1981) Construction initiated by the French architect Jean Herbage, the year 1844, and dedicated in 1856. It is the biggest temple of the city, constructed in neoclassic style, measures 60 meters of extension per 20 meters of width, with 3 central bodies. Inside one finds the organ donated by the filántropa calm down Juana Ross de Edwards. The belfry dates back from the 20th century. The beaches of the Avenida Del Mar are one of the most crowded walks of La Serena, joining El Faro Monumental, in the south with an extension of 6 km and adjacent with Peñuelas's beach (Coquimbo). However, the beaches of La Serena have very rough water and are not suitable for swimming. In comparison Coquimbo's beaches, such as The Horse-shoe have very calm water and clean sands. This avenue includes 12 sections of beaches known like: El Faro, Los Fuertes, Mansa, Blanca, La Barca, 4 Esquinas, La Marina, El Pescador, El Corsario, Hipocampo, Las Gaviotas y Canto del Agua. All of them except the beacon are suitable for the swimming and aquatic and nautical sports. In the recent years the La Serena Song Festival (created in 2004) has been acquiring national importance, due to the great quality of the invited artists. Also projects have been approved as a new international airport. Real estate development along the beach has created a tourist residential development from the Elqui river.. Transport La Serena relies on diverse means of transport to connect the downtown with the peripheral neighborhoods and Coquimbo, such as collective taxis, taxis and tourbus. In the past the city was the principal railway center for passengers' transport to travel to the interior zone of Vicuña and Ovalle Today the only railroad that even passes along some sectors of the city is the one from the mine of Iron El Romeral, which takes the ore to Guayacán's port in Coquimbo. Also it relies on a Terminal de Buses, that provides transport from La Serena to most of the country and an airport, with daily flights to Santiago, Antofagasta, Arica, Copiapó and other destinations. Today there is a project to move the La Florida Airport to another area near to Tongoy, Coquimbo, due to the population growth of the current area"La Florida", where there are residential areas very near the airport with the danger that this implies. Airport La Florida of La Serena Sports The city has a soccer team called Club de Deportes La Serena which plays in the First Division of the Chilean league of football. This team plays in the first division of the Chilean football league. Their home games are played at the La Portada stadium, which has a capacity of approximately 18,000 seats. Their biggest rival is Coquimbo Unido. They are nicknamed "Los Papayeros", because of the papayas that are grown near La Serena in the Elqui Valley. Since 2007, there is a tournament professional tennis, the Challenger de La Serena, in the fields of the Campus Trentino of the University of the Mar, in which the first champion was the Argentine tennis player Mariano Zabaleta. The above mentioned enclosure was the location for the series of the Davis Cup between Chile and Russia at the beginning of February 2007. Academia Liceo Gregorio Cordovez of La Serena Schools and high schools In the commune of La Serena one finds a wide variety of schools, lyceums and colleges. Most of them are concentrated in the city of La Serena. It hosts a great quantity of schools and lyceums (both public and free), as well as colleges (some private, and others public subsidized by the State). Lyceum Gregorio Cordovez: Founded in 1821 for Bernardo O'Higgins, is the second oldest in the history of Chile. College and universities the headquarters of the state university are located In La Serena: University of La Serena, headquarters La Serena, with 4 campuses (Campus Andrés Bello, Campus Ignacio Domeyko, Campus Isabel Bongard, Campus Enrique Molina Garmendia). Universities outside La Serena are Pedro de Valdivia University, Santo Tomás University, Technological University of Chile (INACAP) and the Central University. Observatories La Serena is home to several headquarters for major observatories including, Las Campanas, Cerro Tololo and Gemini. Also La Silla Observatory has an office in La Serena. Notable people Gabriel González Videla President of Chile (1946–1952). Jorge Peña Hen Chilean composer. Francisco Maldonado Reyes Winner of Chile's Next Top Male Model cycle 3. Camila Recabarren Adaros Runner-Up of Chile's Next Top Model cycle 3. International relations See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Chile Twin towns — sister cities La Serena, Chile is twinned with: Tenri, Japan (since 1966) Kraków in Poland (since 1995)[7] Castuera, Spain Campanario, Spain Millbrae (California), United States Hilo, United States Madrid, Spain[8] References Notes ^ a b (Spanish) "Municipality of La Serena". http://www.laserena.cl. Retrieved 4 November 2010.  ^ a b c d e (Spanish) "National Statistics Institute". http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php. Retrieved 4 November 2010.  ^ "Chile Time". WorldTimeZones.org. http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm. Retrieved 26 September 2010.  ^ "Chile Summer Time". WorldTimeZones.org. http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm. Retrieved 26 September 2010.  ^ "Monthly averages for Rancagua". MSN. 2007. http://weather.msn.com/monthly_averages.aspx?&wealocations=wc%3aCIXX0018&setunit=C. Retrieved 10/01/2008.  ^ (Spanish) "Gobierno de Chile: Intendentes". http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/intendentes/. Retrieved 4 November 2010.  ^ "Kraków otwarty na świat". www.krakow.pl. http://www.krakow.pl/otwarty_na_swiat/?LANG=UK&MENU=l&TYPE=ART&ART_ID=16. Retrieved July 19, 2009.  ^ Madrid city council webpage "Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas". Ayuntamiento de Madrid. http://www.munimadrid.es/portal/site/munimadrid/menuitem.dbd5147a4ba1b0aa7d245f019fc08a0c/?vgnextoid=4e84399a03003110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=4e98823d3a37a010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=especial1&idContenido=1da69a4192b5b010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD Madrid city council webpage. Retrieved July 22, 2009.  External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: La Serena, Chile (Spanish) Municipality of La Serena La Serena tourism guide v • d • e < Communes and municipalities in Coquimbo Region > Elqui Province Andacollo · Coquimbo · La Higuera · La Serena · Paihuano · Vicuña Limarí Province Combarbalá · Monte Patria · Punitaqui · Río Hurtado · Ovalle Choapa Province Canela · Illapel · Los Vilos · Salamanca v • d • e Chilean cities with a population of over 150,000 (2002) Greater Santiago (Puente Alto, Maipú, La Florida, Las Condes, San Bernardo, Peñalolén, Santiago, Pudahuel, La Pintana, El Bosque, Ñuñoa) · Greater Valparaíso (Valparaíso, Viña del Mar) · Greater Concepción (Concepción, Talcahuano) · Greater La Serena (La Serena, Coquimbo)  · Antofagasta · Greater Temuco · Greater Rancagua · Greater Talca · Arica · Greater Chillán · Copiapó · Iquique · Osorno · Puerto Montt