Your IP: 38.107.179.223 United States Near: United States

Lookup IP Information

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next

Below is the list of all allocated IP address in 36.24.0.0 - 36.24.255.255 network range, sorted by latency.

John E. Franz Born December 21, 1929 Springfield, Illinois Residence Crestwood, Missouri Nationality United States Fields Bio-Organic Chemistry Known for Inventor of Roundup Notable awards National Medal of Technology, Carothers Award, Perkins Medal John E. Franz is an organic chemist who discovered the herbicide glyphosate while working at Monsanto Company in 1970. The chemical became the active ingredient in Roundup, a broad-spectrum, post-emergence herbicide. This discovery had an incredible effect on the agricultural community, allowing farmers (as well as average homeowners) to easily and effectively control the growth of weeds. Franz has earned much acclaim and many rewards for this breakthrough. He also has over 840 patents to his name worldwide. Contents 1 Early Life and education 2 Career 2.1 Discovery of Glyphosate 2.2 Other Research 2.3 Honors, Awards, and Recognitions 2.4 Patents 3 References // Early Life and education John Edward Franz was born on December 21, 1929 in Springfield, Illinois. By the age of ten, he knew he wanted to be a scientist. Franz received a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from the University of Illinois in 1951 and received his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the University of Minnesota in 1955. He has a wife named Elinor (whom he married in 1951) and four children (Judith, Mary, John, and Gary). Career Franz has spent his entire career at Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri. After finishing his Ph.D., Franz was hired by Monsanto as a Resident Chemist in 1955. His brilliance and creativity were apparent even before he discovered glyphosate as he was appointed Group Leader in 1959. He focused on process research, new polymer synthesis, and the development of plasticizers and polymer flame retardants. Franz received two patents while working in the organic division, one for nitrates in 1960, and one for a fire retardant in 1967. He transferred to the Agricultural Division of Monsanto in 1967, motivated by the department’s “emphasis on publishing, academic contacts, and the freedom to pursue ideas” (Monsanto biography). Because his background was in organic chemistry, Franz familiarized himself with the new field by spending a year studying and learning about plant physiology and biochemistry before beginning research. Franz discovered the herbicide glyphosate, and received five dollars for his first patent from Monsanto. From 1960 to 1988, he received over 840 patents worldwide including approximately fifty in the United States. Over the course of his career, Franz published over forty papers and wrote the book "Glyphosate: A Unique Global Herbicide" with Michael K. Mao and James A. Sikorski. He was promoted to Senior Scientific Fellow in 1975, then Distinguished Fellow in 1980, and later in his career went back to the organic division to concentrate on environmentally friendly products until he retired in 1991. Discovery of Glyphosate Researchers at Monsanto had been searching for a herbicide that was effective against annual and perennial weeds for nine years but found little success. They knew of two phosphonic acid compounds that were ineffective against weeds, and the researchers were not able to advance the compounds. Franz took over the research in 1969 and incorrectly hypothesized that the phosphonic acids acted as proherbicides that were metabolized to active compounds rather than herbicides. Franz and his research team screened possible metabolites and synthesized compounds and eventually discovered glyphosate in 1970. Although all of the patents regarding glyphosate list Franz as the sole inventor and the Monsanto Company as the assignee, Franz acknowledged that the discovery was a group effort. In 2007, when he was inducted into the National Inventor's Hall of Fame, Franz said, “It's a recognition of the entire team of scientists who worked on and supported the development of Roundup herbicides". Glyphosate works by absortion through leaves, and then moving rapidly to a plant’s roots, rhizomes, and meristems. This invaluable breakthrough immediately spurred Monsanto to design and produce plants genetically immune to glyphosates in order to make it easier for farmers to thoroughly spray down their fields for weeds without killing their own crops. Once glyphosate was invented, it took four years to reach the market. It was first introduced as "Roundup", and is still best known by that brand. One brand of glyphosate-based herbicide, AquaMaster, is approved to kill plants in water. Various brands of the herbicide are marketed to backyard farmers, maintenance crews, and professional farmers alike. Pure glyphosate is an acid, but is usually sold as an isopropylamine salt. On the market, it is commonly found as a water-soluble concentrate or as a powder paired with a surfactant such as polyethoxethyleneamine. The surfactant helps the herbicide penetrate the plant cells more easily. Technical grade glyphosate is an odorless white crystalline powder, and by itself has low mammalian toxicity. Increasingly, there have been reports of Roundup having harmful effects on humans. The combination of glyphosate and a surfactant has been found toxic to human placental cells in vitro. Roundup concentrate has been ingested in multiple suicide attempts in Japan, some of which have been successful. Other Research Dr. Franz undertook research in many areas during his time at Monsanto. Some of his other chemistry research includes antiauxin chemistry (isothiazoles, isoxasoles, pyrazoles), plant chemistry, cell membrane chemistry (glyceride and phospholipid syntheses, liposomes), plant hormone chemistry (abscissic acid analogs, ethylene generators), and nitride sulfide chemistry. He also performed research pertaining to reaction mechanisms, coenzyme A antimetabolites, biorational design of herbicides, and periselective addition reactions of one- and threedipoles, as well as fundamental organic research. Honors, Awards, and Recognitions Franz has received many awards for his important discovery. In 1977, he was awarded the IR-100 award by Industrial Magazine. In 1981, he received the first J.F. Queeny Award from Monsanto to honor an invention that was also a commercial success. He was the recipient of the 1987 National Medal of Technology, one of the few agricultural technologies to ever receive the honor. Franz received the American Chemical Society’s Carothers Award in 1989 for “outstanding contributions and advances in industrial applications of chemistry”. In 1990, he was awarded the Perkins Medal by the American Section of the Society of Chemical Industry, based on his contributions to the research and development of applied chemistry. Franz also won the Outstanding Achievement Award in 1988, the 1988 Missouri Award, and was named the St. Louis Metropolitan Bar Association Inventor of the Year in 1986. Roundup was named one of the “Top 10 Products That Changed the Face of Agriculture” by the magazine Farm Chemicals in 1994. Franz was inducted into the United States' Inventor's Hall of Fame on May 5, 2007. Monsanto has also created two awards in his honor. On December 8, 1995, the agricultural company introduced the Franz Sustainability Award, which consists of an annual $100,000 prize given to the individual or team that submits the best environmental project for improvement in the areas of conservation, technology, and/or education. Soon after Franz’s induction into the Inventors’ Hall of Fame, Monsanto announced a new annual scholarship called the Franz Innovation Award Scholarship. This scholarship is awarded each year to a graduate student taking organic chemistry at the University of Minnesota. Patents Franz has over 840 patents to his name concerning glyphosate and lesser known discoveries. Because of the nature of glyphosate, it requires many patents concerning identification, synthesis, and other processes required to produce the chemical. Patent Number: 3853530, Regulating Plants With Patent Number: 3977860, Herbicidal compositions and methods employing esters of Patent Number: 3954848, Process for producing N-phosphonomethy glycine Patent Number: 4735649, Gametocides Patent Number: 4634788, Herbicidal glyphosate oxime derivatives Patent Number: 4094661, Plant Growth Regulators References Chemical Achievers “John E. Franz and Marinus Los.” Chemical Heritage Foundation. http://www.chemheritage.org/classroom/chemach/environment/franz-los.html Invent Now Hall of Fame. “Inventor Profile: John E. Franz.” National Inventors Hall of Fame. http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/333.html Lemelson-MIT Program. “Inventor of the Week: John Franz.” Lemelson –MIT Program. http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/franz.html Murtaza F. Alibhai and William C. Stallings, “Closing down on glyphosate inhibition- with a United States of America 98 (2001): 2944-6. Monsanto “Biography of Dr. John Franz” Monsanto. http://www.monsanto.com/features/franz_bio.asp Sacred Heart-Griffin High School Online. “Sacred Heart – Griffin Hall of Fame.” Sacred Heart – Griffin. http://www.shg.org/alumni/HallofFame.html Strong, Colby. “People: Monsanto Scientist John E. Franz Wins 1990 Perkins Medal for Applied Chemistry.” The Scientist 10 (1990): 28. http://www.the-scientist.com/article/display/10101/ Toxipedia. “Glyphosate.” Toxipedia. http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Glyphosate#Glyphosate-ExternalLinks "Franz, John Edward." American Men and Women of Science. Vol. 2. 23rd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2007. 1268. 8 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale. University of Pennsylvania Library. 15 Nov. 2008. "Monsanto Announces John Franz Sustainability Award." PR Newswire. December 8 1995. "Monsanto Announces Franz Innovation Award Scholarship; Scholarship Celebrates Roundup Brand Herbicides and Franz's Induction into National Inventors Hall of Fame." PR Newswire. October 11 2007. Patent Database Search Results: “John E. Franz” in U.S. Patent Collection. U.S. Patent Database. Persondata Name Franz, John E. Alternative names Short description Date of birth December 21, 1929 Place of birth Springfield, Illinois Date of death Place of death