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Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia enterocolitica colonies growing on XLD agar plates. Scientific classification Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gamma Proteobacteria Order: Enterobacteriales Family: Enterobacteriaceae Genus: Yersinia Species: Y. enterocolitica Binomial name Yersinia enterocolitica (Schleifstein & Coleman 1939) Yersinia enterocolitica Classification and external resources ICD-10 A04.6, A04.6 ICD-9 008.44 DiseasesDB 14218 eMedicine article/970186 MeSH D015009 Yersinia enterocolitica is a species of gram-negative coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Primarily a zoonotic disease (cattle, deer, pigs, and birds), animals that recover frequently become asymptomatic carriers of the disease. [1] Contents 1 Signs and symptoms 2 Treatment 3 Prognosis 4 References 5 External links // Signs and symptoms Acute Y. enterocolitica infections produce severe diarrhea in humans, along with Peyer's patch necrosis, chronic lymphadenopathy, and hepatic or splenic abscesses. Additional symptoms may include entero-colitis, fever, mesenteric adenitis, erythema nodosum and acute terminal ileitis, which may be confused with appendicitis or Crohn's disease. Because Yersinia is a siderophilic (iron-loving) bacteria, people with hereditary hemochromatosis (a disease resulting in high body iron levels) are more susceptible to infection with Yersinia (and other siderophilic bacteria). In fact, the most common contaminant of stored blood is Y. enterocolitica.[2] See yersiniosis for further details. Treatment Treatment of Y. enterocolitica infections often requires aggressive antibiotic therapy, typically involving ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and polymyxin.[1] However, some gastoenterologists, especially in Scandinavia, would say that antibiotic treatment should be initiated only when the patient has significant and persisting symptoms of gastroenteritis. Prognosis Y. enterocolitica infections are sometimes followed by chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.[3] Y. enterocolitica seems to be associated with autoimmune Graves-Basedow thyroiditis.[4] Whilst indirect evidence exists, direct causative evidence is limited,[5] and Y. enterocolitica is probably not a major cause of this disease, but may contribute to the development of thyroid autoimmunity arising for other reasons in genetically susceptible individuals.[6] It has also been suggested that Y. enterocolitica infection is not the cause of auto-immune thyroid disease, but rather is only an associated condition; with both having a shared inherited susceptibility.[7] More recently the role for Y. enterocolitica has been disputed.[8] References ^ a b Collins FM (1996). Pasteurella, and Francisella. In: Barron's Medical Microbiology (Barron S et al., eds.) (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.  ^ Goljan, Edward F. Rapid Review Pathology. Second Edition. Page 279, Table 15-1. ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.  ^ Benvenga S, Santarpia L, Trimarchi F, Guarneri F (2006). "Human Thyroid Autoantigens and Proteins of Yersinia and Borrelia Share Amino Acid Sequence Homology That Includes Binding Motifs to HLA-DR Molecules and T-Cell Receptor". Thyroid 16 (3): 225–236. doi:10.1089/thy.2006.16.225. PMID 16571084.  ^ Tomer Y, Davies T (1993). "Infection, thyroid disease, and autoimmunity" (PDF). Endocr Rev 14 (1): 107–20. doi:10.1210/er.14.1.107. PMID 8491150. http://edrv.endojournals.org/cgi/reprint/14/1/107.pdf.  ^ Toivanen P, Toivanen A (1994). "Does Yersinia induce autoimmunity?". Int Arch Allergy Immunol 104 (2): 107–11. doi:10.1159/000236717. PMID 8199453.  ^ Strieder T, Wenzel B, Prummel M, Tijssen J, Wiersinga W (2003). "Increased prevalence of antibodies to enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica virulence proteins in relatives of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease". Clin Exp Immunol 132 (2): 278–82. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2003.02139.x. PMID 12699417.  ^ Hansen P, Wenzel B, Brix T, Hegedüs L (2006). "Yersinia enterocolitica infection does not confer an increased risk of thyroid antibodies: evidence from a Danish twin study". Clin Exp Immunol 146 (1): 32–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03183.x. PMID 16968395.  External links Wikispecies has information related to: Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia enterocolitica genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID v • d • e Infectious diseases · Bacterial diseases: Proteobacterial G- (primarily A00–A79, 001–041, 080–109) α Rickettsiales Rickettsiaceae/ (Rickettsioses) Typhus Rickettsia typhi (Murine typhus) · Rickettsia prowazekii (Epidemic typhus, Brill–Zinsser disease, Flying squirrel typhus) Spotted fever Tick-borne Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) · Rickettsia conorii (Boutonneuse fever) · Rickettsia japonica (Japanese spotted fever) · Rickettsia sibirica (North Asian tick typhus) · Rickettsia australis (Queensland tick typhus) · Rickettsia honei (Flinders Island spotted fever) · Rickettsia africae (African tick bite fever) · Rickettsia parkeri (American tick bite fever) · Rickettsia aeschlimannii (Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection) Mite-borne Rickettsia akari (Rickettsialpox) · Orientia tsutsugamushi (Scrub typhus) Flea-borne Rickettsia felis (Flea-borne spotted fever) Anaplasmataceae Ehrlichiosis: Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Anaplasmosis) · Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Human monocytic ehrlichiosis) · Ehrlichia ewingii (Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection) Rhizobiales Brucellaceae Brucella abortus (Brucellosis) Bartonellaceae Bartonellosis: Bartonella henselae (Cat scratch disease) · Bartonella quintana (Trench fever) · either henselae or quintana (Bacillary angiomatosis) · Bartonella bacilliformis (Carrion's disease, Verruga peruana) β Neisseriales M+ Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus (Meningococcal disease, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, Meningococcal septicaemia) M- Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus (Gonorrhea) ungrouped: Eikenella corrodens/Kingella kingae (HACEK) · Chromobacterium violaceum (Chromobacteriosis infection) Burkholderiales Burkholderia pseudomallei (Melioidosis) · Burkholderia mallei (Glanders) · Burkholderia cepacia complex · Bordetella pertussis/Bordetella parapertussis (Pertussis) γ Enterobacteriales (OX-) Lac+ Klebsiella pneumoniae (Rhinoscleroma, Klebsiella pneumonia) · Klebsiella granulomatis (Granuloma inguinale) · Klebsiella oxytoca Escherichia coli: Enterotoxigenic · Enteroinvasive · O157:H7/Enterohemorrhagic (Hemolytic-uremic syndrome) Enterobacter aerogenes/Enterobacter cloacae Slow/weak Serratia marcescens (Serratia infection) · Citrobacter koseri/Citrobacter freundii Lac- H2S+ Salmonella enterica (Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever, Salmonellosis) H2S- Shigella dysenteriae/sonnei/flexneri/boydii (Shigellosis, Bacillary dysentery) · Proteus mirabilis/Proteus vulgaris · Yersinia pestis (Plague/Bubonic plague) · Yersinia enterocolitica · Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Pasteurellales Haemophilus: H. influenzae (Haemophilus meningitis, Brazilian purpuric fever) · H. ducreyi (Chancroid) H. parainfluenzae (HACEK) Pasteurella multocida (Pasteurellosis) · Actinobacillus (Actinobacillosis) Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (HACEK) Legionellales Legionella pneumophila/Legionella longbeachae (Legionellosis) · Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) Thiotrichales Francisella tularensis (Tularemia) Vibrionales Vibrio cholerae (Cholera) · Vibrio vulnificus · Vibrio parahaemolyticus · Vibrio alginolyticus · Plesiomonas shigelloides Pseudomonadales Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas infection) · Moraxella catarrhalis · Acinetobacter baumannii Xanthomonadales Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Cardiobacteriales Cardiobacterium hominis (HACEK) Aeromonadales Aeromonas hydrophila/Aeromonas veronii (Aeromonas infection) ε Campylobacterales Campylobacter jejuni (Campylobacteriosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome) · Helicobacter pylori (Peptic ulcer, MALT lymphoma) · Helicobacter cinaedi (Helicobacter cellulitis) M: BAC bact (clas) gr+f/gr+a(t)/gr-p(c)/gr-o drug(J1p, w, n, m, vacc)