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(February 2009) The Holocaust Part of: Jewish history Responsibility Nazi Germany People Adolf Hitler Heinrich Himmler Ernst Kaltenbrunner Theodor Eicke Reinhard Heydrich Adolf Eichmann Odilo Globocnik Rudolf Höss Christian Wirth Organizations Nazi Party Schutzstaffel (SS) Gestapo Sturmabteilung (SA) Collaborators during World War II Nazi ideologues Early policies Racial policy of Nazi Germany Haavara Agreement Nuremberg Laws Nazi eugenics Action T4 Madagascar Plan Wannsee Conference The victims Jews in Europe Jews in Germany Romani people (Gypsies) Homosexuals People with disabilities Slavs in Eastern Europe Poles · Serbs Soviet POWs Jehovah's Witnesses The ghettos Budapest · Kovno Kraków · Lublin Lviv (Lvov) · Łomża Łódź · Minsk Warsaw · Vilnius List of ghettos Atrocities Pogroms Kristallnacht · Bucharest Dorohoi · Iaşi · Jedwabne Kaunas · Lviv (Lvov) Vel' d'Hiv · Wąsosz Einsatzgruppen Babi Yar · Rumbula Ponary · Odessa Erntefest · Ninth Fort "Final Solution" Operation Reinhard Holocaust trains End of World War II Death marches · Berihah The camps Nazi extermination camps Auschwitz-Birkenau Bełżec Chełmno · Majdanek Sobibór · Treblinka Nazi concentration camps Bergen-Belsen · Bogdanovka Buchenwald Dachau · Gross-Rosen Herzogenbusch Janowska · Jasenovac Kaiserwald Maly Trostenets Mauthausen-Gusen Neuengamme · Ravensbrück Sachsenhausen · Sajmište Salaspils · Stutthof Theresienstadt Uckermark · Warsaw List of Nazi concentration camps Resistance Jewish partisans Ghetto uprisings Warsaw Białystok Łachwa Aftermath Nuremberg Trials Denazification Surviving Remnant Sh'erit ha-Pletah Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany Lists Holocaust survivors Victims of Nazism Rescuers of Jews Resources The Destruction of the European Jews Functionalism versus intentionalism v • d • e Fritz Reinhardt (3 April 1895 in Ilmenau – 17 June 1969 in Regensburg) was a state secretary in the German Finance Ministry in the time of the Third Reich. Contents 1 Career 2 State Secretary 3 Denazification 4 After the war 5 See also 6 Books (selection) // Career At the outbreak of the First World War, Reinhardt was staying in Riga, Livonia, and he ended up spending the war in an internment camp in Siberia as an enemy alien. In 1919, he was the headmaster at the Thuringian Commercial School (Thüringensche Handelsschule) and in 1924 founded the first German Long-Distance Commerce School. He was furthermore an administrator at the Thuringian State Finance Office. In October 1926 (or in other sources 1924), he joined the Nazi Party and quickly built up a career with them with his talent for speaking and his knowledge of economic and taxation systems. In the same year, he became the Local Group Leader (Ortsgruppenleiter) in Herrsching, in 1927 the District Leader (Bezirksleiter) in Upper Bavaria-South, and in 1928 (and until 1930) the Upper Bavaria Gauleiter. From 1928 until 1933, Reinhardt was the leader of the Nazi Party's Speaking School. During this time, 6000 Party members received propagandistic schooling. In 1930, Reinhardt became a member of the Reichstag and took on the leading role in the NSDAP in financial issues. In 1933, he became an SA Gruppenführer and a member of Adolf Hitler's Deputy Rudolf Hess's staff. On 6 April 1933, after Hitler's intervention, Reinhardt became State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Finance under Johann Ludwig Graf Schwerin von Krosigk succeeding Arthur Zarden, whose incumbency violated Nazi policy, as he was Jewish. In 1937 came Reinhardt's appointment as an SA Obergruppenführer. State Secretary Reinhardt could count on the Nazi Party's and Hitler's backing, which was why he held such an influential position from the outset. Reinhardt made the decisions as to taxation. Under him were the Tax and Customs School – set up by him in 1935 – and the Zollgrenzschutz ("Customs Service"). It was one of the components of the programs aimed at reducing unemployment, which collectively were also known as the Reinhardt Program. It is held by some, particularly German, historians that Reinhardt gave his name also to Operation Reinhard, although broader understanding especially after its termination has associated that program's name with Reinhard Heydrich, first head of the SS. Section 1 (§1) of the Tax Reconciliation Act (Steueranpassungsgesetz) of October 1934 traces to Reinhardt. This law implemented the Nazi Weltanschauung. It obviated numerous, detailed changes to the individual regulations and implemented the Nazi ideology in one stroke. In the time that followed, a whole series of further regulations and decisions against Jews bore Reinhardt's signature, for instance, 1942's statement on stolen gold from dispossessed and murdered Jews. He was publisher of the Deutsche Steuerzeitung ("German Tax Newspaper"), which, along with all his other publications, he made required reading for all finance officials. Denazification As of 1945, Reinhardt was in Allied custody, and on 17 June 1949 he was classified as a Hauptschuldiger (literally "main culprit") at a Denazification proceeding, and sentenced to four years in labour prison. In an appeal proceeding late in 1949, the sentence was upheld, but the penalty reduced to three years. By late 1950 the sentence was definitively confirmed. Reinhardt's time in custody was to be counted towards his penalty, which led to his immediate release. In the court proceedings, Reinhardt saw himself in the role of a financial expert who was limited to Reich finances, mitigated penalties inflicted on Jews, and otherwise had to bend other ministries' decisions. After the war Reinhardt worked as a tax adviser, but otherwise was not to be seen in public life. His son Dr. Klaus Reinhardt became a general in the Bundeswehr. See also Reinhardt's fund Books (selection) Die Herrschaft der Börse, 1927 Buchführung, Bilanz und Steuer: Lehr und Nachschlagwerk, 1936 Was geschieht mit unserem Geld?, 1942 Mehrwertsteuer-Dienst: Kommentar zum Umsatzsteuergesetz, 1967 Persondata Name Reinhardt, Fritz Alternative names Short description Date of birth 1865 Place of birth Date of death 17 June 1969 Place of death