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The Prestwich by-election, January 1918 was a by-election held on 31 January 1918 for the British House of Commons constituency of Prestwich in Lancashire. Contents 1 Vacancy 2 Candidates 2.1 Government 2.2 Cooperators 3 Issues 4 Result 5 The votes 6 References 7 See also Vacancy The election was caused by the elevation to the peerage of the sitting Liberal MP, Sir Frederick Cawley.[1] Cawley had been Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster in the wartime coalition of David Lloyd George.[2] Candidates Government The Liberals selected the Honourable Oswald Cawley, the youngest son of the sitting member. Cawley was a Lieutenant in the Yeomanry serving in Palestine.[3] Cawley’s candidacy was supported by the Unionists in Prestwich as they were part of the wartime coalition. Cooperators Cawley was opposed by Harry May for the newly formed Central Co-operative Parliamentary Representation Committee of which he was the secretary. May was also secretary of the International Cooperative Alliance.[4] This was the first parliamentary by-election fought by the Co-operative Parliamentary Representation Committee.[5] Although May was expected to gain the support of Labour voters, the Labour Party itself was unable to offer formal assistance because of the wartime electoral truce.[6] Issues For the government the principal issue was the continuing prosecution of the war and it sought the support of the voters for that end. There was a strong danger that Cawley’s election would be seen as inevitable, given his father’s position and former majority and as he was actively serving his country in the field. So the government supporters concentrated on organisation rather than policy to try and counter voter apathy.[7] May tried to appeal on the food question [8] and by extolling the virtues of cooperation as the purest democratic movement and anticipating the triumph of the working –class once the war was over.[9] May also argued that because Lt Cawley was serving abroad this amounted to a virtual disenfranchisement of the electors of the division.[10] Result Cawley held the seat for the Liberals by a large majority. It was estimated that of the approximately 26,000 electors on the register, which was now three years old, only about 16,000 remained eligible to vote. In the end the total poll was just over 10,000.[11] Cawley only held the seat for a few months however as he was killed in action in France in August 1918. The votes Prestwich by-election, January 1918 Party Candidate Votes % ±% Liberal Oswald Cawley 8,520 Co-operative Party H J May 2,832 Majority 5,688 Liberal hold Swing References ^ The Times, 27 February 1918 p10 ^ Who was Who, OUP 2007 ^ The Times, 10 January 1918 p10 ^ The Times, 23 January 1918 p3 ^ G D H Cole, A History of the Labour Party from 1914; Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1948 p63 ^ Peter Barberis, John McHugh & Mike Tyldesley, Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations; Continuum International, 2002 p276 ^ The Times, 29 January 1918 p3 ^ The Times, 29 January 1918 p3 ^ The Times, 30 January 1918 p3 ^ The Times, 29 January 1918 p3 ^ The Times, 2 February 1918 p6 See also Prestwich by-election, October 1918 List of United Kingdom by-elections (1900–1918) v · d · e« 29th Parliament «   By-elections to the 30th Parliament of the United Kingdom   » 31st Parliament » 1911 February: Arfon • Cambridge University • Horncastle • Westbury • Forest of Dean • March: North East Lanarkshire • Brentford • Bootle • April: Haddingtonshire • Cheltenham • East Dorset • May: Birmingham South • Barnstaple • June: Ross & Cromarty • Brighton • July: Kingston-upon-Hull Central • Glasgow Tradeston • St Augustine's • West Ham North • East Wicklow • North East Cork • East Cork • Luton • Wellington • Bethnal Green South West • August: Middleton • September: Kilmarnock District • October: North Tyrone • Keighley • November: Bristol East • Oldham • South Somerset • Hitchin • December: North Ayrshire • Govan 1912 January: Carmarthen District • February: Edinburgh East • Glasgow St Rollox • March: Manchester South • Hereford • South East Essex • Leominster • Epsom • April: Nottingham East • Forest of Dean • May: Hackney South • North West Norfolk • June: Hythe • Holmfirth • July: Ilkeston • Hanley • Crewe • August: Manchester North West • East Carmarthenshire • September: Edinburghshire • November: Taunton • Bolton • Bow & Bromley 1913 January: Flint District • Londonderry City • February: East Waterford • East Antrim • Chorley • March: Houghton-le-Spring • Kendal • April: Shrewsbury • Whitechapel • May: Newmarket • Altrincham • June: Leix • Wandsworth • Dover • Leicester • July: St George's, Hanover Square • August: Chesterfield • November: North Cork • Linlithgowshire • Reading • Keighley • December: Wick District • South Lanarkshire 1914 January: North West Durham • February: Wycombe • Cork City • Bethnal Green South West • Poplar • Leith Burghs • April: Belfast East • East Fife • May: Great Grimsby • North East Derbyshire • Ipswich • June: Brighton • Oxford University • July: Birmingham West • East Worcestershire • North Galway • August: Swansea District • West Wicklow • September: Bolton • The Hartlepools • November: Londonderry City • December: East Galway • Tullamore • Sheffield Attercliffe 1915 February: Norwich • Swansea District • Scarborough • Shipley • Howdenshire • Thirsk & Malton • Wigtownshire • Chesterton • Saffron Walden • Liverpool Kirkdale • Mid Antrim • Maidstone • March: Carmarthen District • April: Mid Durham • May: Kilmarnock District • June: Preston • Dublin College Green • North Tipperary • Keighley • July: Arfon • Glasgow Central • October: Dublin Harbour • Appleby • November: Heywood • Uxbridge • Cardiff • Kingston • St Helen's • St Austell • Merthyr Tydfil • Tiverton • December: Cleveland 1916 January: Newington West • St George, Hanover Square • Portsmouth • North West Staffordshire • Chesterton • Bradford Central • Mile End • Rotherham • February: Liverpool East Toxteth • North Louth • Bolton • Chester • Droitwich • March: Cockermouth • Hertford • South Shields • Harborough • Hyde • April: Wimbledon • Dublin University • Ossory • May: Tewkesbury • Widnes • July: Berwickshire • August: Bodmin • Berwick-upon-Tweed • Colne Valley • Abingdon • September: Mansfield • October: North Ayrshire • St Pancras West • Winchester • North Fermanagh • November: West Cork • December: Hornsey • Ashton-under-Lyne • Sheffield Hallam • Whitechapel • Derby • Edinburgh & St Andrews Universities 1917 January: Inverness-shire • February: North Roscommon • Dublin University • Rotherham • Rossendale • West Perthshire • North Roscommon • March: Stockton • Oxford • April: Aberdeen South • Belfast South • Ealing • May: South Longford • Edinburgh South • June: Epping • Henley • Liverpool Abercromby • July: Belfast South • Fulham • South County Dublin • East Clare • South Monmouthshire • Cambridge • Chesterton • Dundee • August: Edinburgh & St Andrews Universities • Norwich • October: Islington East • Spalding • Basingstoke • November: Salford North • North Armagh • December: Wisbech • Southampton 1918 January: Mid Armagh • Prestwich • February: South Armagh • March: Waterford • Manchester South • April: East Tyrone • Tullamore • Birmingham West • Keighley • May: Ross • Exeter • Newcastle-upon-Tyne • Wansbeck • June: Gravesend • Bridgwater • East Cavan • Clapham • July: Finsbury East • Manchester North East • Fareham • East Grinstead • August: Canterbury • September: Banbury • October: St George's, Hanover Square • Bath • Mid Norfolk • Elgin Burghs • South Shields • Prestwich • November: Wilton Lists of UK by-elections: 1868–1885 • 1885–1900 • 1900–1918 • 1918–1931 • 1931–1950 • 1950–1979 • 1979–present