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For the warship, see HMS King Edward VII. Edward VII Coronation portrait King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, Emperor of India (more...) Reign 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 Coronation 9 August 1902 Predecessor Victoria Successor George V Prime Ministers See list Consort Alexandra of Denmark Issue Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence George V Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife Princess Victoria Maud, Queen of Norway Prince Alexander John of Wales Full name Albert Edward House House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Father Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Mother Queen Victoria Born 9 November 1841(1841-11-09) Buckingham Palace, London Died 6 May 1910(1910-05-06) (aged 68) Buckingham Palace, London Burial 20 May 1910 St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle Signature Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death on 6 May 1910. He was the first British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, which was renamed the House of Windsor by his son, George V. Before his accession to the throne, Edward held the title of Prince of Wales and was heir apparent to the throne for longer than anyone else in history.[1] During the long widowhood of his mother, Queen Victoria, he was largely excluded from political power and came to personify the fashionable, leisured elite. The Edwardian era, which covered Edward's reign and was named after him, coincided with the start of a new century and heralded significant changes in technology and society, including powered flight and the rise of socialism and the Labour movement. Edward played a role in the modernisation of the British Home Fleet, the reform of the Army Medical Services,[2] and the reorganisation of the British army after the Second Boer War. He fostered good relations between Great Britain and other European countries, especially France, for which he was popularly called "Peacemaker", but his relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II of Germany, was poor. Edward presciently suspected that Wilhelm would precipitate a war, and four years after Edward's death, World War I brought an end to the Edwardian way of life. Contents 1 Early life 2 Education 3 Early adulthood 4 Marriage 5 Heir apparent 6 Accession 7 "Uncle of Europe" 8 Political controversies 9 Death 10 Legacy 11 Titles, styles, honours and arms 11.1 Titles and styles 11.2 Honours 11.3 Arms 12 Ancestry and descent 12.1 Ancestors 12.2 Children 13 See also 14 Notes and sources 15 References 16 Further reading 17 External links // Early life Prince Albert Edward in a sailor suit, by Winterhalter, 1846. Royal Collection, St James's Palace. Edward was born at 10:48 a.m. on 9 November 1841 in Buckingham Palace.[3] His mother was Queen Victoria, the only daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. His father was Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, first cousin and consort of Victoria. He was christened Albert Edward (after his father and maternal grandfather) at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on 25 January 1842. His godparents were the King of Prussia, his paternal grandfather's wife the Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (for whom the Duchess of Kent, his maternal grandmother, stood proxy), his great-uncle the Duke of Cambridge, his great-grandfather's wife the Dowager Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Altenburg (for whom the Duchess of Cambridge, his great-aunt, stood proxy), his great-aunt the Princess Sophia (for whom Princess Augusta of Cambridge, his first cousin once-removed, stood proxy) and his great-uncle Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.[4] He was known as Bertie to the family throughout his life.[5] As the eldest son of a British sovereign, he was automatically Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay at birth. As a son of Prince Albert, he also held the titles of Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Saxony. Queen Victoria created her son Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester on 8 December 1841. He was created Earl of Dublin on 17 January 1850, a Knight of the Garter on 9 November 1858, and a Knight of the Thistle on 24 May 1867.[6] In 1863, he renounced his succession rights to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in favour of his younger brother, Prince Alfred.[7] Education Queen Victoria and Prince Albert determined that their eldest son should have an education that would prepare him to be a model constitutional monarch. At age seven, Edward embarked upon a rigorous educational programme devised by Prince Albert, and under the supervision of several tutors. However, unlike his elder sister, Edward did not excel in his studies. He tried to meet the expectations of his parents, but to no avail. Although Edward was not a diligent student—his true talents were those of charm, sociability and tact—Benjamin Disraeli described him as informed, intelligent and of sweet manner.[8] After an educational trip to Rome, undertaken in the first few months of 1859, he spent the summer of that year studying at the University of Edinburgh under, amongst others, Lyon Playfair. In October he matriculated as an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford.[9] Now released from the educational strictures imposed by his parents, he enjoyed studying for the first time and performed satisfactorily in examinations.[10] In 1861, Edward transferred to Trinity College, Cambridge,[11] where he was tutored in history by Charles Kingsley, Regius Professor of Modern History.[12] Kingsley's efforts brought forth the best academic performances of Edward's life, and Edward actually looked forward to his lectures.[13] Early adulthood Prince Edward at Niagara Falls, 1860 In 1860, Edward undertook the first tour of North America by an heir to the British throne. His genial good humour and confident bonhomie made the tour a great success.[14] He inaugurated the Victoria Bridge, Montreal, across the St Lawrence River, and laid the cornerstone of Parliament Hill, Ottawa. He watched Blondin traverse Niagara Falls by highwire, and stayed for three days with President James Buchanan at the White House. Buchanan accompanied the Prince to Mount Vernon, to pay his respects at the tomb of George Washington. Vast crowds greeted him everywhere. He met Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Oliver Wendell Holmes. Prayers for the royal family were said in Trinity Church, New York, for the first time since 1776.[14] The four-month tour throughout Canada and the United States considerably boosted Edward's confidence and self-esteem, and had many diplomatic benefits for Great Britain.[15] Upon his return, Edward hoped to pursue a career in the British Army, but this was denied him because he was heir to the throne. His military ranks were honorary. In September 1861, Edward was sent to Germany, supposedly to watch military manoeuvres, but actually in order to engineer a meeting between him and Princess Alexandra of Denmark, the eldest daughter of Prince Christian of Denmark and his wife Louise. Queen Victoria and Prince Albert had already decided that Edward and Alexandra should marry. They met at Speyer on 24 September under the auspices of his elder sister, the Crown Princess of Prussia.[16] Edward's elder sister, acting upon instructions from their mother, had met Princess Alexandra at Strelitz in June; the young Danish princess made a very favourable impression. Edward and Alexandra were friendly from the start; the meeting went well for both sides, and marriage plans advanced.[17] From this time, Edward gained a reputation as a playboy. Determined to get some army experience, Edward attended manoeuvres in Ireland, during which an actress, Nellie Clifton, was hidden in his tent by his fellow officers. Prince Albert, though ill, was appalled and visited Edward at Cambridge to issue a reprimand. Albert died in December 1861 just two weeks after the visit. Queen Victoria was inconsolable, wore mourning clothes for the rest of her life and blamed Edward for his father's death. At first, she regarded her son with distaste as frivolous, indiscreet and irresponsible. She wrote to her eldest daughter, "I never can, or shall, look at him without a shudder."[18] Marriage British Royalty House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Edward VII    Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence & Avondale    George V    Louise, Princess Royal    Princess Victoria    Maud, Queen of Norway    Prince Alexander John Maternal grandchildren    Alexandra, Duchess of Fife    Maud of Fife Once widowed, Queen Victoria effectively withdrew from public life. Shortly after Prince Albert's death, she arranged for Edward to embark on an extensive tour of the Middle East, visiting Egypt, Jerusalem, Damascus, Beirut and Constantinople.[19] As soon as he returned to Britain, preparations were made for his engagement, which was sealed at Laeken in Belgium on 9 September 1862.[20] Edward and Alexandra married at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on 10 March 1863. Edward was 21; Alexandra was 18. Prince Albert Edward and Princess Alexandra at their wedding. St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, 1863 Edward and his wife established Marlborough House as their London residence and Sandringham House in Norfolk as their country retreat. They entertained on a lavish scale. Their marriage met with disapproval in certain circles because most of Queen Victoria's relations were German, and Denmark was at loggerheads with Germany over the territories of Schleswig and Holstein. When Alexandra's father inherited the throne of Denmark in November 1863, the German Confederation took the opportunity to invade and annex Schleswig-Holstein. Queen Victoria was of two minds whether it was a suitable match given the political climate.[21] After the couple's marriage, she expressed anxiety about their socialite lifestyle and attempted to dictate to them on various matters, including the names of their children. Edward had mistresses throughout his married life. He socialised with actress Lillie Langtry; Lady Randolph Churchill (mother of Winston Churchill);[22] Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick; actress Sarah Bernhardt; noblewoman Susan Pelham-Clinton; singer Hortense Schneider; prostitute Giulia Barucci; wealthy humanitarian Agnes Keyser; and Alice Keppel. At least fifty-five liaisons are conjectured.[23] How far these relationships went is not always clear. Edward always strove to be discreet, but this did not prevent society gossip or press speculation.[24] One of Alice Keppel's great-granddaughters, Camilla Parker Bowles, became the wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, one of Edward's great-great grandsons. It was rumoured that Camilla's grandmother, Sonia Keppel (born in May 1900), was the illegitimate daughter of Edward, but she was "almost certainly" the daughter of George Keppel, whom she resembled.[25] Edward never acknowledged any illegitimate children.[26] Alexandra is believed to have been aware of many of his affairs and to have accepted them.[27] In 1869, Sir Charles Mordaunt, a British Member of Parliament, threatened to name Edward as co-respondent in his divorce suit. Ultimately, he did not do so but Edward was called as a witness in the case in early 1870. It was shown that Edward had visited the Mordaunts' house while Sir Charles was away sitting in the House of Commons. Although nothing further was proven and Edward denied he had committed adultery, the suggestion of impropriety was damaging.[10][28] Heir apparent During Queen Victoria's widowhood, Edward represented her at public ceremonies and gatherings—for example, opening Halifax Town Hall in 1863,[29] Thames Embankment in 1871, Mersey Tunnel in 1886, and Tower Bridge in 1894—pioneering the idea of royal public appearances as we understand them today.[30] However, his mother did not allow Edward an active role in the running of the country until 1898.[2][31] He annoyed his mother by siding with Denmark on the Schleswig-Holstein Question in 1864 (she was pro-German) and in the same year annoyed her again by making a special effort to meet Garibaldi.[32] Victoria visits Edward during his illness. In 1870, republican sentiment in Britain was given a boost when the French Emperor, Napoleon III, was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and the French Third Republic was declared.[33] However, in the winter of 1871, a brush with death led to an improvement both in Edward's popularity with the public as well as in his relationship with his mother. While staying at Londesborough Lodge, near Scarborough, North Yorkshire, Edward contracted typhoid, the disease that was believed to have killed his father. There was great national concern, and one of his fellow guests (Lord Chesterfield) died. Edward's recovery was greeted with almost universal relief.[10] Public celebrations included the composition of Arthur Sullivan's Festival Te Deum. Edward cultivated politicians from all parties, including republicans, as his friends, and thereby largely dissipated any residual feelings against him.[34] In 1875, Edward set off for India on an extensive eight-month tour of the sub-continent. His advisors remarked on his habit of treating all people the same, regardless of their social station or colour. In letters home, he complained of the treatment of the native Indians by the British officials: "Because a man has a black face and a different religion from our own, there is no reason why he should be treated as a brute."[35] At the end of the tour, his mother was given the title Empress of India by Parliament, in part as a result of the tour's success.[36] Edward was a patron of the arts and sciences and helped found the Royal College of Music. He opened the college in 1883 with the words, "Class can no longer stand apart from class ... I claim for music that it produces that union of feeling which I much desire to promote."[36] At the same time, he enjoyed gambling and country sports and was an enthusiastic hunter. He ordered all the clocks at Sandringham to run half an hour fast to create more time for shooting. This so-called tradition of Sandringham Time continued until 1936, when it was abolished by Edward VIII.[37] He also laid out a golf course at Windsor. By the 1870s the future king had taken a keen interest in horseracing and steeplechasing. In 1896, his horse Persimmon won both the Derby Stakes and the St. Leger Stakes. In 1900, Persimmon's brother, Diamond Jubilee, won five races (Derby, St. Leger, 2,000 Guineas Stakes, Newmarket Stakes and Eclipse Stakes)[38] and another of Edward's horses, Ambush II, won the Grand National.[39] He was regarded worldwide as an arbiter of men's fashions.[40][41] He made wearing tweed, Homburg hats and Norfolk jackets fashionable, and popularised the wearing of black ties with dinner jackets, instead of white tie and tails.[42] He pioneered the pressing of trouser legs from side to side in preference to the now normal front and back creases,[43] and was thought to have introduced the stand-up turn-down shirt collar.[44] A stickler for proper dress, he is said to have admonished the Prime Minister, Lord Salisbury, for wearing the trousers of an Elder Brother of Trinity House with a Privy Councillor's coat. Deep in an international crisis, the Prime Minister informed the Prince of Wales that it had been a dark morning, and that "my mind must have been occupied by some subject of less importance."[45] The tradition of men not buttoning the bottom button of suit-coats is said to be linked to Edward, who supposedly left his undone due to his large girth.[10] His waist measured 48 inches (122 cm) shortly before his coronation.[46] He introduced the practice of eating roast beef, roast potatoes, horseradish sauce and yorkshire pudding on Sundays, which remains a staple British favourite for Sunday lunch.[47][48] The family of the Prince of Wales illustrated in 1891 (based on a photograph from 1889): (left to right) Prince Albert Victor, Princess Maud, Alexandra, Edward, Princess Louise, Prince George and Princess Victoria. In 1891, Edward was embroiled in the Royal Baccarat Scandal, when it was revealed he had played an illegal card game for money the previous year. The Prince was forced to appear as a witness in court for a second time when one of the players unsuccessfully sued his fellow players for slander after being accused of cheating.[49] In the same year Edward was involved in a personal conflict, when Lord Charles Beresford threatened to reveal details of Edward's private life to the press, as a protest against Edward interfering with Beresford's affair with Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick. The friendship between the two men was irreversibly damaged and their bitterness would last for the remainder of their lives.[50] Usually, Edward's outbursts of temper were short-lived, and "after he had let himself go ... [he would] smooth matters by being especially nice".[51] In 1892, Edward's eldest son, Albert Victor, was engaged to Princess Victoria Mary of Teck. Just a few weeks after the engagement, Albert Victor died of pneumonia. Edward was grief-stricken. "To lose our eldest son", he wrote, "is one of those calamities one can never really get over". Edward told Queen Victoria, "[I would] have given my life for him, as I put no value on mine".[52] Albert Victor was the second of Edward's children to die. In 1871, his youngest son, John, had died just 24 hours after being born. Edward had insisted on placing John in his coffin personally with "the tears rolling down his cheeks".[53] On his way to Denmark through Belgium on 4 April 1900 Edward was the victim of an attempted assassination, when Jean-Baptiste Sipido shot at him in protest over the Boer War. Sipido escaped to France; the perceived delay of the Belgian authorities in applying for extradition, combined with British disgust at Belgian atrocities in the Congo, worsened the already poor relationship between the United Kingdom and the Continent. However, in the next ten years, Edward's affability and popularity, as well as his use of family connections, assisted Britain in building European alliances.[54] Accession King Edward VII in coronation robes. Note the Royal Sceptre in its original form, shortly before the addition of the Cullinan I Diamond. When Queen Victoria died on 22 January 1901, Edward became King of the United Kingdom, Emperor of India and, in an innovation, King of the British Dominions.[55] He chose to reign under the name Edward VII, instead of Albert Edward—the name his mother had intended for him to use,[56] declaring that he did not wish to "undervalue the name of Albert" and diminish the status of his father with whom among royalty the name Albert should stand alone.[57] The number VII was occasionally omitted in Scotland, even by the national church, in deference to protests that the previous Edwards were English kings who had "been excluded from Scotland by battle".[10] J. B. Priestley recalled, "I was only a child when he succeeded Victoria in 1901, but I can testify to his extraordinary popularity. He was in fact the most popular king England had known since the earlier 1660s."[58] He donated his parents' house, Osborne on the Isle of Wight, to the state and continued to live at Sandringham.[59] He could afford to be magnanimous; it was claimed that he was the first heir to succeed to the throne in credit.[60] Edward's finances had been ably managed by Sir Dighton Probyn, Comptroller of the Household, and had benefited from advice from Edward's Jewish financier friends, such as Ernest Cassel, Maurice de Hirsch and the Rothschild family.[61] At a time of widespread anti-Semitism, Edward attracted criticism for openly socialising with Jews.[62] Four Kings: King Edward VII (right) with his successors—(from left to right) his son, the future King George V, and grandsons, the future King Edward VIII and King George VI. Edward VII and Alexandra were crowned at Westminster Abbey on 9 August 1902 by the 80-year-old Archbishop of Canterbury, Frederick Temple, who died only four months later. Edward's coronation had originally been scheduled for 26 June, but two days before on 24 June, Edward was diagnosed with appendicitis. Thanks to developments in anaesthesia and antisepsis in the preceding 50 years, he underwent a life-saving operation, performed by Sir Frederick Treves. This was at a time when appendicitis was generally not treated operatively and carried a high mortality rate.[63] Treves, with the support of Lord Lister, performed a then-radical operation of draining the infected appendix through a small incision. The next day, Edward was sitting up in bed, smoking a cigar.[64] Two weeks later, it was announced that the King was out of danger. Treves was honoured with a baronetcy (which Edward had arranged before the operation)[65] and appendix surgery entered the medical mainstream. Edward refurbished the royal palaces, reintroduced the traditional ceremonies, such as the State Opening of Parliament, that his mother had forgone, and founded new orders of honours, such as the Order of Merit, to recognise contributions to the arts and sciences.[66] In 1902, the Shah of Persia, Mozzafar-al-Din, visited England expecting to receive the Order of the Garter. Edward refused to give this high honour to the Shah because the order was meant to be his personal gift and the Foreign Secretary, Lord Lansdowne, had promised the order without his consent. Edward also objected to inducting a Muslim into a Christian order of chivalry. His refusal threatened to damage British attempts to gain influence in Persia,[67] but Edward resented his ministers' attempts to reduce the King's traditional powers. Eventually, he relented and Britain sent a special embassy to the Shah with a full Order of the Garter the following year.[68] "Uncle of Europe" Edward VII relaxing at Balmoral, photographed by his wife, Alexandra As king, Edward's main interests lay in the fields of foreign affairs and naval and military matters. Fluent in French and German, he made a number of visits abroad, and took annual holidays in Biarritz and Marienbad.[37] One of his most important foreign trips was an official visit to France in spring 1903 as the guest of President Émile Loubet. Following a visit to the Pope in Rome, this trip helped create the atmosphere for the Anglo-French Entente Cordiale, an agreement delineating British and French colonies in North Africa, and ruling out any future war between the two countries. The Entente was negotiated between the French foreign minister, Théophile Delcassé, and the British foreign secretary, Lord Lansdowne. Signed on 8 April 1904 by Lansdowne and the French ambassador Paul Cambon, it marked the end of centuries of Anglo-French rivalry and Britain's splendid isolation from Continental affairs, and attempted to counterbalance the growing dominance of the German Empire and its ally, Austria-Hungary.[69] Edward was related to nearly every other European monarch and came to be known as the "uncle of Europe".[2] The German Emperor Wilhelm II, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse, Duke Charles Edward of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Duke Ernst August of Brunswick were Edward's nephews; Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain, Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, Crown Princess Marie of Romania, Crown Princess Sophia of Greece, Empress Alexandra of Russia, Grand Duchess Alexandra of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Duchess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen were his nieces; King Haakon VII of Norway was both his nephew by marriage and his son-in-law; King George I of Greece and King Frederick VIII of Denmark were his brothers-in-law; King Albert I of Belgium, King Charles I and King Manuel II of Portugal, and Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria were his second cousins. Edward doted on his grandchildren, and indulged them, to the consternation of their governesses.[70] However, there was one relation whom Edward did not like and his difficult relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II, exacerbated the tensions between Germany and Britain.[71] In 1908, Edward became the first British monarch to visit the Russian Empire, despite refusing to visit in 1906, when Anglo-Russian relations were strained in the aftermath of the Dogger Bank incident, the Russo-Japanese war and the Tsar's dissolution of the Duma.[72] Political controversies Edward involved himself heavily in discussions over army reform, the need for which had become apparent with the failings of the Boer War. He supported the re-design of army command, the creation of the Territorial Army, and the decision to provide an Expeditionary Force supporting France in the event of war with Germany.[73] Reform of the Royal Navy was also suggested, partly due to the ever-increasing Naval Estimates, and because of the emergence of the Imperial German Navy as a new strategic threat.[74] Ultimately a dispute arose between Admiral Lord Charles Beresford, who favoured increased spending and a broad deployment, and the First Sea Lord Admiral Sir John Fisher, who favoured efficiency savings, scrapping obsolete vessels, and a strategic realignment of the Royal Navy relying on torpedo craft for home defence backed by the new dreadnoughts.[75] Edward lent support to Fisher, in part because he disliked Beresford, and eventually Beresford was dismissed. Beresford continued his campaign outside of the navy and Fisher ultimately announced his resignation in late 1909, although the bulk of his policies were retained.[76] The King was intimately involved in the appointment of Fisher's successor as the Fisher-Beresford feud had split the service, and the only truly-qualified figure known to be outside of both camps was Sir Arthur Knyvet Wilson, who had retired in 1907.[77] Wilson was reluctant to return to active duty, but Edward persuaded him to do so, and Wilson became First Sea Lord on 25 January 1910.[78] In the last year of his life, Edward became embroiled in a constitutional crisis when the Conservative majority in the House of Lords refused to pass the "People's Budget" proposed by the Liberal government of Prime Minister H. H. Asquith. The King let Asquith know that he would only be willing to appoint additional peers, if necessary, to enable the budget's passage in the House of Lords, if Asquith won two successive general elections.[10][79] Edward was rarely interested in politics, although his views on some issues were notably liberal for the time. During his reign he said use of the word "nigger" was "disgraceful" despite it then being in common parlance.[80] While Prince of Wales, he had to be dissuaded from breaking with constitutional precedent by openly voting for Gladstone's Representation of the People Bill in the House of Lords. On other matters he was less progressive—he did not favour Irish Home Rule (initially preferring a form of dual monarchy) or giving votes to women,[10][81] although he did suggest that the social reformer Octavia Hill serve on the Commission for Working Class Housing.[82] Edward lived a life of luxury that was often far removed from that of the majority of his subjects. However, his personal charm with people at all levels of society and his strong condemnation of prejudice went some way to assuage republican and racial tensions building during his lifetime.[10] Death Funeral procession of King Edward VII. Windsor, 1910 Edward usually smoked twenty cigarettes and twelve cigars a day. Towards the end of his life he increasingly suffered from bronchitis.[10] In March 1910, the King was staying at Biarritz when he collapsed. He remained there to convalesce, while in London Asquith tried to get the Finance Bill passed. The King's continued ill-health was unreported and he attracted criticism for staying in France whilst political tensions were so high. On 27 April he returned to Buckingham Palace, still suffering from severe bronchitis. Alexandra returned from visiting her brother, King George I of Greece, in Corfu a week later on 5 May. The following day, the King suffered several heart attacks, but refused to go to bed saying, "No, I shall not give in; I shall go on; I shall work to the end."[83] Between moments of faintness, the Prince of Wales (shortly to be King George V) told him that his horse, Witch of the Air, had won at Kempton Park that afternoon. The King replied, "I am very glad": his final words.[10] At half-past-eleven he lost consciousness for the last time and was put to bed. He died at 11:45 p.m.[83] The story that Queen Alexandra invited Edward's last mistress, society beauty Alice Keppel, to the King's death-bed[84] is a myth that Alice herself propagated. In reality Alice was, most reluctantly, asked at the King's request and, in a wild fit of hysterics, she was ejected shrieking, "I never did any harm, there was nothing wrong between us. What is to become of me?"[85] Legacy Further information: Royal eponyms in Canada Statue of Edward VII in Queen Victoria Gardens, Melbourne The public park in Lisbon, named after Edward VII Statues of Edward can be found throughout the former empire, such as those in Waterloo Place, London, Union Street, Aberdeen, Queen's Park, Toronto, North Terrace, Adelaide, Franklin Square, Hobart, Queen Victoria Gardens, Melbourne, and outside the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. The lead ship of a new class of battleships, launched in 1903, was named in his honour. Many schools in England are named after Edward; two of the largest are in Melton Mowbray and Sheffield. King Edward Memorial (KEM) Hospital in India, the King Edward Medical University in Pakistan, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women in Subiaco, Western Australia, and King Edward VII Hall at the National University of Singapore carry King Edward's name. The Parque Eduardo VII in Lisbon, King Edward Avenue in Vancouver, Rue Edouard VII in Paris and King Edward Cigars are also named after him. As king, Edward VII proved a greater success than anyone had expected, but he was already an old man and had little time left to fulfil the role. In his short reign, he ensured that his second son and heir, George V, was better prepared to take the throne. Contemporaries described their relationship as more like affectionate brothers than father and son,[86] and on Edward's death George wrote in his diary that he had lost his "best friend and the best of fathers ... I never had a [cross] word with him in my life. I am heart-broken and overwhelmed with grief".[87] Edward received criticism for his apparent pursuit of self-indulgent pleasure but he received great praise for his affable and kind good manners, and his diplomatic skill. As his grandson wrote, "his lighter side ... obscured the fact that he had both insight and influence."[88] "He had a tremendous zest for pleasure but he also had a real sense of duty", wrote J. B. Priestley.[89] Lord Esher wrote that Edward was "kind and debonair and not undignified – but too human".[90] Edward VII is buried at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. As Barbara Tuchman noted in The Guns of August, his funeral marked "the greatest assemblage of royalty and rank ever gathered in one place and, of its kind, the last". Edward had been afraid that his nephew, the German Emperor Wilhelm II, would tip Europe into war.[91] Four years after Edward's death, World War I broke out. The naval reforms and the Anglo-French alliance he had supported, as well as the relationships between his extended royal family, were put to the test. The war marked the end of the Edwardian way of life. Titles, styles, honours and arms Royal styles of Edward VII of the United Kingdom Reference style His Majesty Spoken style Your Majesty Alternative style Sir Titles and styles 9 November – 8 December 1841: His Royal Highness The Duke of Cornwall 8 December 1841 – 22 January 1901: His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales in Scotland: His Royal Highness The Prince Albert Edward, Duke of Rothesay 17 January 1850 – 22 January 1901: The Earl of Dublin (merged with the Crown in 1901) 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910: His Majesty The King with regard to India: His Imperial Majesty The King-Emperor Honours 9 November 1858: Knight of the Garter 24 May 1867: Knight of the Thistle Arms When he was created Prince of Wales, Edward was granted a coat of arms. These were those of the kingdom (and his mother), differenced by a label argent, of three blank points, and an inescutcheon of the shield of Saxony, representing his father. When he acceded as King, he gained the arms of the kingdom, undifferenced.[92] Coat of arms as Prince of Wales from 1841-1901  Coat of arms of Edward VII of the United Kingdom  Coat of arms of Edward VII of the United Kingdom (in Scotland)  Ancestry and descent Ancestors Ancestors of Edward VII of the United Kingdom                                     16. Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld               8. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld                       17. Duchess Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel               4. Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha                             18. Henry XXIV, Count of Reuss-Ebersdorf               9. Countess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf                       19. Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg               2. Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha                                   20. Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg               10. Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg                       21. Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen               5. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg                             22. Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin               11. Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin                       23. Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg               1. Edward VII of the United Kingdom                                         24. Frederick, Prince of Wales               12. George III of the United Kingdom                       25. Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha               6. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn                             26. Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Prince of Mirow               13. Duchess Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz                       27. Princess Elizabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen               3. Victoria of the United Kingdom                                   28. Ernest Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (= 16)               14. Francis, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (= 8)                       29. Duchess Sophie Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (= 17)               7. Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld                             30. Henry XXIV, Count of Reuss-Ebersdorf (= 18)               15. Countess Augusta of Reuss-Ebersdorf (= 9)                       31. Countess Karoline Ernestine of Erbach-Schönberg (= 19)             Children For more details on this topic, see Grandchildren of Victoria and Albert. Name Birth Death Notes HRH Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale 8 January 1864 14 January 1892 engaged 1891, to Princess Mary of Teck HM King George V 3 June 1865 20 January 1936 married 1893, Princess Mary of Teck; had issue HRH The Princess Louise, Princess Royal 20 February 1867 4 January 1931 married 1889, Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife; had issue HRH The Princess Victoria 6 July 1868 3 December 1935   HRH The Princess Maud 26 November 1869 20 November 1938 married 1896, Haakon VII, King of Norway; had issue HRH Prince Alexander John 6 April 1871 7 April 1871   See also Cultural depictions of Edward VII of the United Kingdom Edward VII 2d Tyrian plum, a rare stamp 1908 Summer Olympics, which he opened Notes and sources ^ He was heir apparent for 59 years, 2 months and 14 days. The current heir apparent, Charles, Prince of Wales, could surpass this on 21 April 2011. He was Prince of Wales for 59 years, 1 month and 13 days; Charles could surpass this on 9 September 2017. ^ a b c Edward VII, Official website of the British Monarchy, http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/Saxe-Coburg-Gotha/EdwardVII.aspx, retrieved 2 May 2010  ^ Magnus, Philip (1964), King Edward The Seventh, London: John Murray, p. 1  ^ London Gazette: no. 20065, p. 224, 28 January 1842. ^ Bentley-Cranch, Dana (1992), Edward VII: Image of an Era 1841–1910, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, p. 1, ISBN 0112905080  ^ Weir, Alison (1996), Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy, Revised Edition, London: Random House, p. 319, ISBN 0712674489  ^ Van der Kiste, John (September 2004; online edition May 2007) "Alfred, Prince, duke of Edinburgh (1844–1900)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/346, retrieved 24 June 2009 (Subscription required) ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 4 ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 18 ^ a b c d e f g h i j Matthew, H. C. G. (September 2004; online edition May 2006) "Edward VII (1841–1910)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32975, retrieved 24 June 2009 (Subscription required) ^ Wales, H.R.H. Albert Edward, Prince of in Venn, J. & J. A., Alumni Cantabrigienses, Cambridge University Press, 10 vols, 1922–1958. ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 35. ^ Hough, Richard (1992), Edward and Alexandra: Their Private and Public Lives, London: Hodder & Stoughton, pp. 36–37, ISBN 0340558253  ^ a b Bentley-Cranch, pp. 20–34 ^ Hough, pp. 39–47 ^ Bentley-Cranch, pp. 36–38 ^ Hough, pp. 64–66 ^ Middlemas, Keith; Edited by Antonia Fraser (1972), The Life and Times of Edward VII, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, p. 31, ISBN 0297831895  ^ Bentley-Cranch, pp. 40–42 ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 44 ^ Middlemas, p. 35 ^ Letters written by Edward to Lady Randolph may have "signified no more than a flirtation" but were "[w]ritten in a strain of undue familiarity" (Hattersley, Roy (2004), The Edwardians, London: Little, Brown, p. 21, ISBN 0316725374 ). ^ Camp, Anthony (2007), Royal Mistresses and Bastards: Fact and Fiction, 1714–1936 . They are listed at http://anthonyjcamp.com/page9.htm. ^ Middlemas, pp. 74–80 ^ Souhami, Diana (1996), Mrs Keppel and her daughter, London: HarpurCollins, p. 49  ^ Ashley, Mike (1998), The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens, London: Robinson, pp. 694–695, ISBN 1 841 19096 9  ^ Middlemas, p. 89 ^ Priestley, J. B. (1970), The Edwardians, London: Heinemann, pp. 22–23, ISBN 0434603325  ^ Holdsworth, David W. (January 2004), Halifax Town Hall, David W. Holdsworth, http://story.theholdsworths.org.uk/pages/halifax_town_hall.html, retrieved 2 May 2010  ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 97 ^ Hattersley, pp. 18–19 ^ Bentley-Cranch, pp. 59–60 ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 66 ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 67 and Middlemas, pp. 48–52 ^ Bentley-Cranch, pp. 101–102 ^ a b Bentley-Cranch, p. 104 ^ a b Windsor, HRH The Duke of (1951), A King's Story, London: Cassell and Co, p. 46  ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 110 ^ Middlemas, p. 98 ^ Bergner Hurlock, Elizabeth (1976), The psychology of dress: an analysis of fashion and its motive, Ayer Publishing, p. 108, ISBN 9780405086441  ^ Mansel, Philip (2005), Dressed to Rule, New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 138, ISBN 0300106971  ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 84 ^ Middlemas, p. 201 ^ "Try our "98'Curzons!" A few fashion hints for men", Otago Witness, 3 November 1898, http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=OW18981103.2.164, retrieved 5 May 2010, "It was actually the Prince of Wales who introduced this shape. He got them originally about eight years ago from a manufacturer called Charvet, in Paris."  ^ Roberts, p. 35 ^ Middlemas, p. 200 and Hattersley, p. 27 ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 80 ^ He was not a heavy drinker, though he did drink champagne and, occasionally, port (Hattersley, p. 27). ^ Hattersley, pp. 23–25 ^ Middlemas, p. 86 ^ Sir Frederick Ponsonby, 1st Baron Sysonby quoted in Middlemas, p. 188 ^ Middlemas, pp. 95–96 ^ Battiscombe, p. 112 ^ Middlemas, p. 65 ^ Middlemas, p. 104 ^ No English or British sovereign has ever reigned under a double name. ^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 27270, p. 547, 23 January 1901. ^ Priestley, p. 9 ^ The Duke of Windsor, p. 14 ^ Lee, Sidney (1927), King Edward VII: A Biography, Macmillan, vol. II p. 26  ^ Middlemas, pp. 38, 84, 96; Priestley, p. 32 ^ Allfrey, Anthony (1991), King Edward VII and His Jewish Court, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 0297811258  ^ Mirilas, P. ; Skandalakis, J.E. (2003), "Not just an appendix: Sir Frederick Treves", Archives of Disease in Childhood 88 (6): 549–552, doi:10.1136/adc.88.6.549, PMID 12765932  ^ The Duke of Windsor, p. 20 ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 127 ^ Bentley-Cranch, pp. 122–139 ^ Hattersley, pp. 39–40 ^ Middlemas, pp. 125–126 ^ Nicolson, Harold (October 1954), "The Origins and Development of the Anglo-French Entente", International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs) XXX (4): 407–416  ^ The Duke of Windsor, p. 15 ^ Middlemas, pp. 60–61 and pp. 172–175; Hattersley, pp. 460–464 ^ Middlemas, pp. 167, 169 ^ Middlemas, pp. 130–134 ^ Kennedy, Paul M. (2004), The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery, London: Penguin Books, pp. 215–216  ^ See, principally, Lambert, Nicholas A. (2002), Sir John Fisher's Naval Revolution, Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press, ISBN 1570034923  For a much shorter summary of Fisher's reforms, see Grove, Eric J. (2005), The Royal Navy since 1815, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 88–100, ISBN 0333721268  ^ Middlemas, pp. 134–139 ^ Lambert, pp. 200–201. ^ Bradford, Admiral Sir Edward E. (1923), Life of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur Knyvet Wilson, London: John Murray, pp. 223–225  ^ Hattersley, p. 168 ^ Rose, Kenneth (1983), King George V, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, p. 65  ^ Hattersley, pp. 215–216 ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 98 ^ a b Bentley-Cranch, p. 151 ^ Priestley, pp. 18, 180 ^ Aronson, Theo (1988), The King in Love: Edward VII's mistresses, London: John Murray, pp. 251–253 ; Lamont-Brown, Raymond (1998), Edward VII's Last Loves, Stroud: Sutton Publishing, p. 131  ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 155 ^ King George V's diary, 6 May 1910. Royal Archives ^ The Duke of Windsor, p. 69 ^ Priestley, p. 25 ^ Hattersley, p. 17 ^ Middlemas, pp. 176, 179 ^ Velde, François (19 April 2008), Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family, Heraldica, http://www.heraldica.org/topics/britain/cadency.htm, retrieved 2 May 2010  References Battiscombe, Georgina (1969), Queen Alexandra, London: Constable, ISBN 0094565600  Bentley-Cranch, Dana (1992), Edward VII: Image of an Era 1841–1910, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, ISBN 0112905080  Friedman, Dennis (2003), Ladies of the Bedchamber, London: Peter Owen Publishers  Hattersley, Roy (2004), The Edwardians, London: Little, Brown, ISBN 0316725374  Hough, Richard (1992), Edward & Alexandra: Their Private and Public Lives, London: Hodder & Stoughton, ISBN 0340558253  Lee, Sidney (1927), King Edward VII: A Biography, London: Macmillan  Magnus, Philip (1964), King Edward The Seventh, London: John Murray  Matthew, H. C. G. (September 2004; online edition May 2006) "Edward VII (1841–1910)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32975, retrieved 24 June 2009 (Subscription required) Middlemas, Keith; Edited by Antonia Fraser (1972), The Life and Times of Edward VII, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, ISBN 0297831895  Priestley, J. B. (1970), The Edwardians, London: Heinemann, ISBN 0434603325  Roberts, Andrew (2006), Salisbury: Victorian Titan, London: Sterling Publishing Co.  Tuchman, Barbara (1964), The Guns of August, New York: Macmillan  Windsor, HRH The Duke of (1951), A King's Story, London: Cassell and Co  Further reading Cornwallis, Kinahan (2009) [1860], Royalty in the New World: Or, the Prince of Wales in America, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781108002981  Ensor, R.C.K. (1936), England 1870–1914, Clarendon Press, Oxford  Ponsonby, Frederick (1951), Recollections of Three Reigns, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode  Walker, Richard (1988), The Savile Row Story: An Illustrated History, London: Prion, ISBN 185375000X  External links Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Edward VII of the United Kingdom Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Edward VII of the United Kingdom Macaulay, James (editor) (1889). Speeches and addresses of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales: 1863–1888 London: Murray. Edward VII of the United Kingdom House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Cadet branch of the House of Wettin Born: 9 November 1841 Died: 6 May 1910 Regnal titles Preceded by Victoria King of the United Kingdom Emperor of India 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 Succeeded by George V British royalty Preceded by The Princess Victoria Heir to the Throne as heir apparent 1841–1901 Succeeded by Prince George, Duke of Cornwall later became King George V Vacant Title last held by Prince George, Duke of Cornwall later became King George IV Prince of Wales 1841–1901 Vacant Title next held by Prince George, Duke of Cornwall later became King George V Peerage of England Vacant Title last held by Prince George, Duke of Cornwall later became King George IV Duke of Cornwall 1841–1901 Succeeded by Prince George, Duke of York later became King George V Peerage of Scotland Vacant Title last held by Prince George, Duke of Rothesay later became King George IV Duke of Rothesay 1841–1901 Succeeded by Prince George, Duke of York later became King George V Peerage of the United Kingdom New creation Earl of Dublin 3rd creation 1850–1901 Merged in the Crown Masonic offices Preceded by The Marquess of Ripon Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England 1874–1901 Succeeded by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Honorary titles Vacant Title last held by Albert, Prince Consort Great Master of the Bath 1897–1901 Succeeded by Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn v • d • e English, Scottish and British monarchs Monarchs of England before 1603 Monarchs of Scotland before 1603 Alfred the Great · Edward the Elder · Ælfweard · Athelstan the Glorious · Edmund the Magnificent · Eadred · Eadwig the Fair · Edgar the Peaceable · Edward the Martyr · Æthelred the Unready · Sweyn Forkbeard · Edmund Ironside · Cnut · Harold Harefoot · Harthacnut · Edward the Confessor · Harold Godwinson · Edgar the Ætheling  · William I · William II · Henry I · Stephen · Matilda · Henry II · Henry the Young King · Richard I · John · Henry III · Edward I · Edward II · Edward III · Richard II · Henry IV · Henry V · Henry VI · Edward IV · Edward V · Richard III · Henry VII · Henry VIII · Edward VI · Jane · Mary I with Philip · Elizabeth I Kenneth I MacAlpin · Donald I · Constantine I · Áed · Giric · Eochaid · Donald II · Constantine II · Malcolm I · Indulf · Dub · Cuilén · Amlaíb · Kenneth II · Constantine III · Kenneth III · Malcolm II · Duncan I · Macbeth · Lulach · Malcolm III Canmore · Donald III · Duncan II · Donald III · Edgar · Alexander I · David I · Malcolm IV · William I · Alexander II · Alexander III · Margaret  · First Interregnum · John · Second Interregnum · Robert I · David II · Edward · Robert II · Robert III · James I · James II · James III · James IV · James V · Mary I · James VI Monarchs of England and Scotland after the Union of the Crowns in 1603 James I & VI · Charles I · Commonwealth · Charles II · James II & VII · William III & II and Mary II · Anne British monarchs after the Acts of Union 1707 Anne · George I · George II · George III · George IV · William IV · Victoria · Edward VII · George V · Edward VIII · George VI · Elizabeth II Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. v • d • e   Monarchs of Canada Dominion of Canada (1867–1931) Victoria · Edward VII · George V Canada (1931–present) George V · Edward VIII · George VI · Elizabeth II v • d • e British princes 1st generation George II 2nd generation Frederick, Prince of Wales · Prince George William · William, Duke of Cumberland 3rd generation George III · Edward, Duke of York · William, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh · Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn · Prince Frederick 4th generation George IV · Frederick, Duke of York and Albany · William IV · Edward, Duke of Kent · Ernest Augustus I of Hanover · Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex · Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge · The Prince Octavius · The Prince Alfred · William, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh 5th generation Albert, Prince Consort1  · George V of Hanover · George, Duke of Cambridge 6th generation Edward VII · Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha · Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn · Leopold, Duke of Albany · Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover 7th generation Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale · George V · John of Wales · Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha · George William of Hanover · Arthur of Connaught · Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha · Christian of Hanover · Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick 8th generation Edward VIII · George VI · Henry, Duke of Gloucester · George, Duke of Kent · The Prince John · John Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha · Hubertus of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha · Ernest Augustus IV, Prince of Hanover · Alastair, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn · George of Hanover 9th generation Philip, Duke of Edinburgh*  · William of Gloucester · Richard, Duke of Gloucester · Edward, Duke of Kent · Michael of Kent 10th generation Charles, Prince of Wales · Andrew, Duke of York · Edward, Earl of Wessex 11th generation William of Wales · Henry of Wales · James, Viscount Severn ^1 not a British prince by birth, but a royal prince consort. v • d • e Princes of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, dukes in Saxony 1st generation Prince Ferdinand^ · Leopold I of Belgium^ 2nd generation Ernest II^ · Albert, Prince Consort of the United Kingdom^* · Ferdinand II of Portugal^# · August, Prince of Kohary^ · Prince Leopold^ · Louis-Philippe, Crown Prince of Belgium** · Leopold II of Belgium** · Philippe, Count of Flanders** 3rd generation Edward VII of the United Kingdom* · Alfred* · Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn* · Leopold, Duke of Albany* · Peter V of Portugal# · Louis I of Portugal# · Infante João, Duke of Beja# · Infante Fernando of Portugal# · Infante Augustus, Duke of Coimbra# · Prince Philipp · Prince Ludwig August  · Ferdinand I of Bulgaria · Leopold, Duke of Brabant** · Prince Baudouin** · Albert I of Belgium** 4th generation Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale* · George V of the United Kingdom* · Prince Alexander John* · Alfred, Hereditary Prince* · Prince Arthur* · Charles Edward* · Prince Leopold Clement · Prince Peter · Prince August Leopold · Charles I of Portugal# · Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto# · Prince Joseph · Prince Ludwig · Leopold III of Belgium** · Charles, Count of Flanders** 5th generation Edward VIII of the United Kingdom* · George VI of the United Kingdom* · Henry, Duke of Gloucester* · George, Duke of Kent* · Prince John* · Alastair, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn* · Hereditary Prince Johann Leopold* · Prince Hubertus* · Prince Friedrich Josias · Prince August Clemens · Prince Rainier · Prince Philip · Prince Ernst · Prince Antonius* · Louis Philip, Crown Prince of Portugal# · Manuel II of Portugal# · 6th generation Andreas · Prince Adrian · Prince John Henry 7th generation Hereditary Prince Hubertus · Prince Alexander · Prince Johannes ^ prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld until 1826 * also a prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ** also a prince of Belgium # also a member of the Portuguese Royal family v • d • e Princes of Wales HRH The Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (1958–Present) Edward II (1301–1307) · Edward, the Black Prince (1343–1376) · Richard II (1376–1377) · Henry V (1399–1413) · Edward of Westminster (1454–1471) · Edward V (1471–1483) · Edward of Middleham (1483–1484) · Arthur Tudor (1489–1502) · Henry VIII (1504–1509) · Edward VI (1537–1547) · Henry Frederick Stuart (1610–1612) · Charles I (1616–1625) · Charles II (1641–1649) · James Francis Edward Stuart (1688) · George II (1714–1727) · Prince Frederick (1729–1751) · George III (1751–1760) · George IV (1762–1820) · Edward VII (1841–1901) · George V (1901–1910) · Edward VIII (1910–1936) v • d • e Dukes of Cornwall HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Cornwall (1952–present) Edward, the Black Prince (1337–1376) · Richard II (1376–1377) · Henry V (1399–1413) · Henry VI (1421–1422) · Edward of Westminster (1453–1471) · Edward V (1470–1483) · Edward of Middleham (1483–1484) · Arthur Tudor (1486–1502) · Henry VIII (1502–1509) · Henry Tudor (1511) · Henry Tudor (1514) · Edward VI (1537–1547) · Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (1603–1612) · Charles I (1612–1625) · Charles II (1630–1649) · Prince James Stuart "The Old Pretender" (1688–1689) · George II (1714–1727) · Prince Frederick (1727–1751) · George IV (1762–1820) · Edward VII (1841–1901) · George V (1901–1910) · Edward VIII (1910–1936) Cornwall Portal v • d • e Dukes of Rothesay HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay (1952–present) David (1398–1402) · James I (1402–1406) · Alexander (1430) · James II (1430–1437) · James III (1452–1460) · James IV (1473–1488) · James (1507–1508)  · Arthur (1509–1510) · James V (1512–1513) · James (1540–1541) · James VI (1566–1567)  · Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (1603–1612) · Charles I (1612–1625) · Charles James (1629) · Charles II (1630–1649) · Prince James (1688–1689) · George II (1714–1727) · Prince Frederick (1727–1751)  · George IV (1762–1820) · Edward VII (1841–1901) · George V (1901–1910) · Edward VIII (1910–1936) v • d • e Grand Masters of the Order of the Bath John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu  · Vacant  · Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany  · Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews  · Vacant  · Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex  · Albert, Prince Consort  · Vacant  · Albert Edward, Prince of Wales  · Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn  · Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester  · Charles, Prince of Wales Persondata Name Edward VII of the United Kingdom Alternative names Albert Edward Short description European royalty Date of birth 9 November 1841 Place of birth Buckingham Palace, London Date of death 6 May 1910 Place of death Buckingham Palace, London